长臂管辖效果辨正及对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-04-19 08:55

本文选题：长臂管辖 + 涉外民事管辖权　；参考：《甘肃社会科学》2017年05期

【摘要】：长臂管辖并非是一种独立类型的对人管辖权,而是美国法院根据各州长臂法案的授权,依据联系原则,在非居民被告与法院地的联系满足美国宪法正当程序条款所要求的最低联系时,对非居民被告行使特别管辖权或者一般管辖权所形成的管辖权范围扩张的效果。尽管美国最高法院提出了认定最低联系的方法,但并没有对最低联系本身确立统一的标准。同时,美国法院为了保护本州原告利益,不断扩张解释本州长臂法案的范围。这就共同导致了美国法院长臂管辖范围的不断扩大,造成了司法实践中的不可预见性。为此,美国最高法院在最新判例中提出了认定一般管辖权所需最低联系的新标准,极大的限制了长臂管辖的范围,并且通过对联系原则与属地原则之间关系提出新的观点,也限制了特别管辖权的范围。我国目前存在着与美国当年同样的扩张对非居民被告管辖手臂的经济背景,立法上存在承认联系原则的趋势,司法上具有限制管辖范围过大的方法。因而,有必要也有可行性以联系原则作为确定对非居民被告管辖权的依据,并可以通过借鉴美国的司法经验,从被告、法院以及所涉争议之间的关系来认定被告行为与法院地的最低联系。
[Abstract]:Long-arm jurisdiction is not an independent type of personal jurisdiction, but is based on the principle of communication, as authorized by the respective Governors' Arms Act.When the contact between a non-resident defendant and the forum meets the minimum contact required by the due process provision of the United States Constitution, the effect of the extension of the jurisdiction range resulting from the exercise of special or general jurisdiction over the non-resident defendant.Although the Supreme Court of the United States has proposed a method for determining the minimum link, it does not establish a uniform standard for the minimum link itself.Meanwhile, U.S. courts have expanded their interpretation of the long-arm Act to protect the interests of the state's plaintiffs.This leads to the expansion of the jurisdiction of the long arm of American courts and the unpredictability in judicial practice.For this reason, the United States Supreme Court has proposed in its latest jurisprudence a new standard for determining the minimum link required for general jurisdiction, which greatly limits the scope of long-arm jurisdiction and puts forward a new view on the relationship between the principle of association and the principle of territoriality.It also limits the scope of special jurisdiction.At present, China has the same economic background as that of the United States in expanding its jurisdiction over non-resident defendants, the trend of recognizing the principle of link in legislation, and the judicial method of limiting the scope of jurisdiction.Therefore, it is necessary and feasible to use the principle of association as the basis for determining jurisdiction over non-resident defendants, and can learn from the judicial experience of the United States,The relationship between the court and the dispute to determine the lowest connection between the defendant's conduct and the forum.
【作者单位】：大连海事大学法学院;
【分类号】：D971.2;DD916.2

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