司法判决理由研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 22:42

本文选题：判决理由 + 法律解释　；参考：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国法治建设的不断推进,对法治的各个领域的制度要求越来越高,对法律工作者的个人要求也越来越高。法官作为法律公平正义的最后一个守门员,每年都有大量判决书出自其手,这些判决书不仅体现的是法院以及法官对案件的理解和态度,更体现的是我国法律的规范要求以及法律的价值取向。所以,判决书的地位不言而喻,而其中的判决理由更是其重要内容,是实体正义与程序正义的具体体现。阐述清楚,论证充分的判决理由会促进个案的正义和法治社会的进步。对司法判决理由的概述首先从普通法系和大陆法系两个方向阐明了司法判决理由的定义;然后描述了司法判决理由具有合法性、正当性、合理性等特征;最后分析了司法判决理由存在的必要性,以确定其存在的理由和价值。司法判决理由从产生到发展经历了一个漫长的过程,而且不同地域有着不同的轨迹,了解这些轨迹有利于更深层次的理解和研究判决理由。对司法判决理由进行了分解和剖析,提出了其构成有哪些部分,本文主要论述了法律解释和法律论证两个部分。对这两个重要部分进行具体的分析说明,分析了司法判决理由中法律解释的必要性以及解释方法,分析了司法判决理由中法律论证的必要性以及法律论证的方法。通过这两个部分明确了司法判决理由的形成过程以及其中的内在逻辑关系。对域外司法判决理由的考察并得到启示。通过对一些普通法系国家和一些大陆法系国家关于判决理由在理论上与实践中的成果进行考察研究,以发现一些优点和缺陷,从而在其中得出启示。两大法系虽然在判决理由的具体形式,论证方式以及发展过程上有所不同,但是随着两大法系的交流和融合,大陆法系国家逐渐有着普通法系的特点。针对我国的司法判决理由进行分析。首先分析了我国判决理由从古代判词中的说理到现代判决书中的判决理由演变过程,我国现代的判决理由是一种外来因素影响的结果,但在我国古代对判词说理的一些要求也是可以借鉴的;其次,通过列举大量我国的现代判决书,分析其中的判决理由的语言表达,说理方式以及论证过程,更直观的反映出我国判决理由的特点。结合不同法系国家的判决理由的启示和对我国现代司法判决理由的实证分析,对改进我国的司法判决理由提出一些建议。从判决理由的内容上要求解释事实和法律应当全面细致,理由的唯一性,法官心证的理由应当记明并指明资料来源,证据取舍理由的记载,体现彻底的辩论主义和内容的精简;从判决理由的形式上对"争议焦点型判决书"的提倡和在形式上应当注意的其他问题;另外,从法官的角度,要求提高法官队伍的整体素质,建立有效的激励机制和有效的监督机制。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the rule of law in our country, the requirements of the system in all fields of the rule of law are becoming higher and higher, and the personal requirements of the legal workers are also becoming higher and higher. As the last goalkeeper of law, fairness and justice, judges come out of a large number of judgments each year, which not only reflect the understanding and attitude of the court and the judges to the case, More reflect the normative requirements of our law and the value orientation of the law. Therefore, the position of judgment is self-evident, and the reason of judgment is its important content, which is the concrete embodiment of substantive justice and procedural justice. Expounding clearly, demonstrating sufficient judgment reasons will promote the progress of justice and rule of law society in individual cases. The summary of the reasons for judicial decision first clarifies the definition of the reasons of judicial decision from the common law system and the civil law system, then describes the characteristics of the reasons of judicial decision, such as legality, legitimacy, rationality, etc. Finally, it analyzes the necessity of the existence of the reason of the judicial decision, in order to determine the reason and value of its existence. The reason of judicial decision has experienced a long process from its birth to its development, and different regions have different loci. Understanding these loci is beneficial to further understanding and studying the reasons of judgment. This paper analyzes the reasons of judicial decision, and puts forward the constitution of it. This paper mainly discusses two parts: legal interpretation and legal argumentation. The two important parts are analyzed in detail, the necessity and method of legal explanation in the reasons of judicial decision are analyzed, and the necessity of legal argumentation and the method of legal argumentation in the reason of judicial judgment are analyzed. Through these two parts, it clarifies the forming process of the reason of judicial decision and its internal logical relation. The investigation of the reasons for the extraterritorial judicial decision and its enlightenment. In order to find out some advantages and disadvantages and draw inspiration from the theoretical and practical achievements of some common law countries and some civil law countries on the grounds of judgment, this paper makes an investigation and study on the theoretical and practical results of the reasons for judgment. Although the two legal systems are different in the concrete form of the reason of judgment, the way of argumentation and the process of development, but with the exchange and integration of the two legal systems, the countries of the civil law system gradually have the characteristics of the common law system. This paper analyzes the reasons of judicial decision in our country. First of all, it analyzes the evolution process of the reason of judgment in our country from the reasoning in ancient judgment to the reason of judgment in modern judgment. The modern reason of judgment in our country is the result of the influence of external factors. However, in ancient China, some demands for judgment reasoning can also be used for reference. Secondly, by enumerating a large number of modern judgments in China, the paper analyzes the language expression, reasoning methods and argumentation process of the judgment reasons. More intuitively reflects our country judgment reason characteristic. Combined with the enlightenment of different legal system countries and the empirical analysis of the reason of modern judicial judgment in our country, some suggestions are put forward to improve the reason of judicial decision in our country. From the content of the reason of judgment, the explanation of facts and laws should be comprehensive and meticulous, the uniqueness of the reason, the reason of the judge's evidence should be recorded and pointed out the source of the information, the record of the reason of choosing and choosing the evidence, reflecting the thorough argumentalism and the simplification of the content; From the perspective of the judges, it is necessary to improve the overall quality of the ranks of judges in terms of the promotion of the "controversial focus judgment" in the form of the reasons for the judgment and other issues that should be paid attention to in the form. Establish effective incentive mechanism and effective supervision mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.2

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