职务犯罪侦查一体化研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 06:50

本文选题：检察机关 + 职务犯罪　；参考：《西南政法大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 依照宪法和法律的规定,检察机关作为法律监督机关,依法行使职务犯罪侦查权,追究实施职务犯罪的国家公职人员的刑事责任,以保障国家宪法、法律的统一正确行使,监督国家公职人员依法正确行使自己的权力和履行自己的义务,监督国家工作人员正确地执行和实施法律。但是,由于各种因素的影响,检察机关在查处职务犯罪的过程中却不能完全发挥其效能,甚至出现“抱着猫捉老鼠”的尴尬局面。究其原因主要有侦查体制不顺、侦查职能交错、侦查技术落后等几个方面。针对这个问题,国内学术研究也已经提出一系列的从侦查机构到侦查模式的改进方案,也取得了可喜的成就,但是在理论上学术界并没有形成统一的认识,最高检在侦查一体化的问题上也放权地方,造成中央地方检察系统的侦查职能部门设置不尽相同的奇怪局面,这是和中国法治进程的大潮流不和谐的现状。 21世纪以来法学理论界出现很多研究职务侦查理论的专著,总的来说虽然已经构建了学科框架,但经验型的总结比较多,而理论层面上的研究还有待进一步发展。笔者在综合考察国际上比较成熟的职务犯罪侦查模式之后,总结了前阶段理论界和实务界对职务犯罪侦查机制的反思,并结合中国目前政治经济社会发展状况来分析寻找最有效的解决办法。本文除引言和结语外,分四个部分: 第一部分是对目前国内通行的职务犯罪侦查一体化基本理论的评析。笔者从系统论的角度出发,分析了职务犯罪侦查一体化的理论渊源,引出了职务犯罪侦查一体化的概念,提出职务犯罪侦查一体化是指检察机关在现行的检察体制模式下,在现行的法律规定框架内,为了优化侦查资源配置,提高整体效能,建立的侦查活动统一组织指挥,案件线索统一管理和经营,侦查人才和技术装备统一调配使用,在大侦查态势下,依靠检察机关自身优势和内部合力营造的依法独立办案,上下一体,左右一体,指挥一体,组织一体的新型侦查机制。并明确,实行职务犯罪侦查一体化是解决目前职务犯罪侦查中所出现的困境的较合理的措施,是对侦查资源的整合,有利于提高突破案件的能力,有利于于增强抗干扰的能力,有利于降低侦查成本和培养侦查专业人才。第二部分是对职务犯罪侦查一体化的比较法考察,考察的内容包括我国古代职务犯罪侦查体制的分析和域外职务犯罪侦查体制的分析两部分。在中国古代职务犯罪侦查制度的历史考察方面,着重分析了历朝历代反贪肃贿的专门机构,以及御史监察制度,得出独立的监察权分配对防范和制止吏治的腐败化倾向有着积极意义的结论。在域外职务犯罪侦查体制考察方面,笔者将目前国际上几个主流的职务犯罪侦查体制分为三类,分别是专门的机构从事职务犯罪侦查,检察机关从事职务犯罪侦查,以及警察机构从事职务犯罪侦查。并对各国职务犯罪侦查部门的内设机构进行比较分析,从宏观上层面上把握职务犯罪侦查体制理论的发展走向,通过横向和纵向的考察为我国建立和完善职务犯罪侦查一体化体制打下基础。第三部分是对我国目前职务犯罪侦查体制存在的问题进行系统分析。包括我国目前职务犯罪侦查体制的现状和出现的问题。笔者主要是从侦查权划分角度,侦查指挥、协作机制角度和侦查情报信息建设角度出发,指出目前我国的职务犯罪侦查体制上存在着侦查权配置混乱、检察机关侦查部门的内设机构重复、“侦查地方化”等问题,而目前的侦查指挥中心由于职能定位不准确,也不能完全发挥其应有的作用。从线索来源机制来看,案源匮乏的问题也远远没有得到解决。职务犯罪侦查体制出现这些问题是长期积累下来的,目前各级检察机关都在积极探索一条行之有效的途径来解决这些问题,但总的来说,效果不明显。第四部分是笔者对职务犯罪侦查一体化体制改革构想的拙见。首先明确改革后职务犯罪侦查一体化体制要服从统一指挥、严格执法原则,各司其职、密切配合原则和迅速及时、经济高效原则。在此原则的基础上,围绕线索情报资源利用一体化建设、侦查指挥一体化建设、侦技一体化建设、侦诉一体化建设、侦查人才一体化建设、辅助性保障资源一体化建设几个方面详细阐述职务犯罪侦查一体化的理想化运行机制。其中笔者对目前学术部门存在着构建理想职务犯罪侦查机制的争议的问题进行分析,并提出符合我国国情的做法是应当在检察机关内部进行侦查资源的整合。最后笔者又从内部和外部两个层面进一步完善了职务犯罪侦查运行机制的监督制约。本文的研究内容具有系统性,第一次对职务犯罪侦查一体化有关问题从理论基础到实践改革进行了详细的阐述,构建了一个详细的逻辑体系,以期对检察改革实践工作有所裨益。
[Abstract]:In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and the law , the procuratorial organs , as the supervisory organs of the law , exercise the right of investigation of the duty crimes according to law , and investigate the criminal responsibility of the public officials of the State where the duty crimes are carried out in order to guarantee the proper exercise of the national constitution and the law and supervise the proper exercise of their powers by the public officials in accordance with the law and carry out their own obligations and supervise the proper implementation and implementation of the law by the national staff .

However , due to the influence of various factors , the procuratorial organs can not fully exert their effectiveness in the process of investigating the crime of official duties , and even the embarrassing situation of " holding the cat and mouse " . The reason is that the investigation system is not compliant , the investigation function is staggered , the investigation technique is backward and so on . In view of this problem , the domestic academic research has also put forward a series of improvement schemes from the investigation mechanism to the investigation mode .

Since the 21 ~ ( th ) century , there have been a lot of researches on the theory of duty investigation . In general , although the disciplinary framework has been constructed , the empirical research is much more , and the research on the theoretical level is still to be further developed . After the comprehensive investigation of the international mature official crime investigation mode , the author summarizes the reflection of the theoretical and practical circles of the former stage to the investigation mechanism of the official crime , and analyses the most effective solution to the present situation of political and social development in China .

In addition to the introduction and conclusion , this paper is divided into four parts :

The first part is the analysis of the basic theory of investigation and integration of official crime investigation at present .

The second part is a comparative study on the integration of the investigation of official crime investigation , including the analysis of the criminal investigation system in ancient China and the analysis of the criminal investigation system .

The third part analyzes the existing problems in the investigation system of duty crime in our country , including the current situation and the problems of investigation system of duty crime in our country .

The fourth part is the author ' s humble opinion on the reform of the system of investigation and integration of duty crime . Firstly , it is clear that the integrated system of investigation of duty crime is subject to unified command , strict law enforcement principle , all - in - time , close cooperation principle and prompt , timely and economic efficiency principle .

The research content of this paper is systematic , the first time to discuss the problem from the theory foundation to the practice reform of the problem of investigation and integration of the job crime , constructs a detailed logic system , in order to benefit the procuratorial reform practice work .

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D918

【引证文献】