检察机关提起行政公益诉讼试点问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 12:22

本文选题：检察机关 + 行政公益诉讼　；参考：《宁波大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于行政诉讼法没有规定行政公益诉讼,2015年7月1日,全国人大常委会通过公益诉讼试点授权决定。经过一年的试点,本文主要分三部分对检察机关提起行政公益诉讼试点实践中存在的问题进行理论上的研究,并在遵守现行法律的基础上提出相关完善建议。第一部分主要论述了检察机关提起行政公益诉讼的现状。从一年的试点实践来看,虽然公益诉讼的案件线索很多,但诉讼不多,而且集中在环保领域,对相关争议问题并未展开讨论和判定。试点中主要存在以下几个问题:一是检察机关的职能定位与诉讼地位不明问题,存在着借鉴刑事诉讼公诉人定位来构建行政公益诉讼定位的问题;二是试点创新的合法性问题,最高检察院颁布的实施办法中有关检察机关有权向行政机关及其工作人员调查取证,行政机关及其工作人员应该配合以及以抗诉权代替上诉权的规定缺乏法律依据;三是受案范围狭窄问题,案件集中在环保领域;四是程序运行问题,如行政机关拒绝检察机关的调查取证的后果如何承担,以抗诉权取代上诉权与审判监督程序中抗诉权混淆的问题。第二部分对检察机关提起行政公益诉讼制度进行法理上的分析,对英美法系和大陆法系检察机关的性质和提起公益诉讼制度进行了考察,其对行政公益诉讼的原告资格几乎没有限定。我国检察权理论基础主要是法律监督理论、公益诉讼信托理论和诉讼担当理论。第三部分根据《行政诉讼法》和《关于授权最高人民检察院在部分地区开展公益诉讼试点工作的决定》等现行法律规范对检察机关提起行政公益诉讼制度提出了完善建议。我国检察权的性质是法律监督权,检察机关的定位是法律监督者,在起诉前监督行政机关依法行政;判决生效后,有权抗诉启动审判监督程序。但在审理程序中,检察机关地位就是行政诉讼原告,或公益诉讼原告。公共利益受损是受案范围的前提,但要对一些常见的、重点的损害国家利益、社会公共利益领域内的行政违法行为予以列举。此外,对程序运行中的诉前督促程序、案件来源、调查取证、举证责任、诉讼后果承担等问题也提出了相关完善建议。
[Abstract]:As the Administrative Litigation Law does not provide for administrative public interest litigation, on July 1, 2015, the standing Committee of the National people's Congress (NPC) approved a pilot authorization for public interest litigation. After a year of pilot, this paper mainly divided into three parts to the procuratorial organs in the trial practice of administrative public interest litigation problems in theory, and in compliance with the existing laws on the basis of the relevant suggestions for improvement. The first part mainly discusses the current situation of the procuratorial organ to initiate the administrative public interest lawsuit. From the pilot practice of one year, although there are many clues in the case of public interest litigation, but there are not many litigation, and concentrated in the field of environmental protection, there is no discussion and determination of the related disputes. The main problems in the trial are as follows: first, the function orientation of the procuratorial organs and the status of litigation are unknown, there is the problem of drawing lessons from the position of the public prosecutor in criminal litigation to construct the positioning of administrative public interest litigation; second, the legitimacy of the innovation of the pilot project. In the implementing measures promulgated by the Supreme Procuratorate, the procuratorial organ has the right to investigate and collect evidence from the administrative organ and its staff, and the administrative organ and its staff should cooperate and replace the right of appeal with the right of protest. The third is the narrow scope of the case, the case is concentrated in the field of environmental protection; the fourth is the operation of the procedure, such as how the administrative organs bear the consequences of refusing the procuratorial organ to investigate and collect evidence. The confusion between the right of appeal and the right of protest in the procedure of trial supervision is replaced by the right of protest. In the second part, the author analyzes the legal principle of the procuratorial organ to initiate the administrative public interest litigation system, and investigates the nature of the procuratorial organ in the common law system and the civil law system and the institution of the public interest litigation system. There is almost no limitation on the plaintiff's qualification of administrative public interest litigation. The theoretical basis of procuratorial power in China is mainly legal supervision theory, public interest litigation trust theory and litigation responsibility theory. In the third part, according to the current laws and regulations, such as the Administrative Litigation Law and the decision to authorize the Supreme people's Procuratorate to carry out the pilot work of public interest litigation in some areas, the author puts forward some suggestions for the procuratorial organ to institute administrative public interest litigation system. The nature of procuratorial power in our country is the power of legal supervision, and the position of procuratorial organ is the legal supervisor, which supervises the administration of administrative organs according to law before prosecution; after the judgment comes into effect, the procuratorial organ has the right to protest and initiate the procedure of judicial supervision. But in the trial procedure, the procuratorial organ status is the administrative litigation plaintiff, or the public interest litigation plaintiff. The damage of public interest is the premise of the scope of the case, but it is necessary to enumerate some common and important administrative illegal acts in the field of public interest and social public interest. In addition, the author also puts forward some relevant suggestions on the procedure of pre-litigation supervision, case source, investigation and evidence collection, burden of proof, and the burden of litigation.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.3;D926.3

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