行政违法行为检察监督研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 03:22

本文选题：行政违法 + 检察监督　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《宪法》和法律规定,人民检察院是我国的法律监督机关。作为法律监督机关,检察院有权对法律的实施情况进行监督。然而,我国检察机关的法律监督职权行使的主要领域是诉讼监督,对行政机关的执法监督权长期被搁置,目前也是在探索中缓慢前行。依法行政作为依法治国的核心内容,应当对其予以全面有效的监督,才能保证行政执法权的正确实施。目前,我国对行政执法权监督的主要形式有:人大监督、行政复议监督、行政监察监督、行政诉讼监督等,但都存在一定的局限性。近些年,行政执法监督体系的缺陷引发了许多社会问题,特别是在环境保护、食品安全、土地征收等领域出现的一系列失职、渎职、越权等腐败现象屡见报端,充分暴露出现有的监督机制运行效果并不理想,无法满足当前日益多元化的利益诉求。对行政机关的执法活动由检察机关实施监督,不仅符合检察权和行政权各自的权力属性,也是完善我国人民代表大会制度下权力分工与权力制约机制的应然选择。只有将行政执法活动纳入检察机关的监督范围,才能实现检察权宪法本位的回归,形成完善的监督体系,保证行政权在宪法法律的范围内正当运行。目前,许多地方检察机关在开展和加强对行政执法违法活动的监督方面进行了大胆和有益的探索,并积累了宝贵的实务经验,但是要突破现有制度的瓶颈,还需理论和实务界的深入研究成果。本文从行政违法行为引入检察监督的必要性入手,对现有行政执法在监督体制方面存在的问题进行了叙述,对行政违法行为实施检察监督的可行性进行了论证。同时详细论述了行政执法检察监督制度的监督范围、对象、原则和程序以及现有的实践成果,以期对该制度的理论和实务工作有所裨益。全文共分为四部分。第一部分为行政违法行为检察监督制度概述。该部分对监督制度的概念进行了分析与解释,从理论基础和法律依据两方面论证了在行政执法违法活动中引入检察机关监督的正当性,阐述构建行政违法行为检察监督制度的必要性,最后列举了行政违法行为检察监督与其他监督制度相比所体现的特点。第二部分为我国行政违法行为检察监督的实践经验及存在的问题。该部分通过列举部分地区检察机关在监督行政执法违法活动方面所做的实践探索,分析了其中的有益经验和存在的主要问题。第三部分为域外国家行政违法行为检察监督对我国的借鉴意义。该部分主要叙述了几个大陆法系典型国家检察机关对行政执法违法活动的监督模式,并总结了各国检察机关在实施行政执法监督时所具有的有益经验,作为对我国的借鉴意义。第四部分为我国行政违法行为检察监督制度之构建。该部分是全文的核心部分,详细论述了行政违法行为检察监督制度的特点、原则、范围、内容及具体监督程序。
[Abstract]:The Constitution and the law stipulate that the people's Procuratorate is the legal supervisory organ of our country. As a legal supervision organ, the procuratorate has the power to supervise the implementation of the law. However, the main area of the exercise of legal supervision power of procuratorial organs in China is litigation supervision. The power of law enforcement and supervision of administrative organs has been shelved for a long time, and it is also slowly moving forward in the process of exploration. As the core content of governing the country according to law, the administration by law should be supervised comprehensively and effectively in order to ensure the correct implementation of the right of administrative law enforcement. At present, the main forms of supervision of administrative law enforcement power in our country are: people's Congress supervision, administrative reconsideration supervision, administrative litigation supervision, etc., but they all have some limitations. In recent years, the defects of the administrative law enforcement supervision system have caused many social problems, especially in the fields of environmental protection, food safety, land expropriation and other areas such as a series of dereliction of duty, malfeasance, ultra vires, etc. The full exposure of some supervision mechanism is not ideal, and can not meet the interests of increasing diversity. The law enforcement activities of administrative organs are supervised by procuratorial organs, which not only accord with the respective power attributes of procuratorial power and executive power, but also are the necessary choice to perfect the division of power and power restriction mechanism under the system of people's Congress of our country. Only by bringing administrative law enforcement activities into the scope of supervision of procuratorial organs can we realize the return of constitutional standard of procuratorial power, form a perfect supervision system and ensure the proper operation of administrative power within the scope of constitutional law. At present, many local procuratorial organs have carried out bold and beneficial exploration in carrying out and strengthening supervision over illegal activities of administrative law enforcement, and have accumulated valuable practical experience, but to break through the bottleneck of the existing system, It also needs the theoretical and practical in-depth research results. Starting from the necessity of introducing procuratorial supervision into administrative illegal acts, this paper narrates the problems existing in the supervision system of the existing administrative law enforcement, and proves the feasibility of carrying out procuratorial supervision on administrative illegal acts. At the same time, the supervision scope, object, principle and procedure of the procuratorial supervision system of administrative law enforcement are discussed in detail, as well as the existing practical results, in order to benefit the theoretical and practical work of the system. The full text is divided into four parts. The first part is an overview of the procuratorial supervision system of administrative illegal acts. In this part, the concept of supervision system is analyzed and explained, and the legitimacy of introducing procuratorial supervision in illegal activities of administrative law enforcement is demonstrated from two aspects: theoretical basis and legal basis. This paper expounds the necessity of constructing the procuratorial supervision system of administrative illegal acts, and finally lists the characteristics of procuratorial supervision of administrative illegal acts compared with other supervisory systems. The second part is the practical experience and existing problems of procuratorial supervision of administrative illegal acts in China. Through enumerating the practice and exploration made by procuratorial organs in some regions in supervising the illegal activities of administrative law enforcement, this part analyzes the beneficial experience and the main problems. The third part is the reference significance of the procuratorial supervision of the extraterritorial administrative illegal acts to our country. This part mainly describes the supervision mode of procuratorial organs in several typical countries of continental law system to the illegal activities of administrative law enforcement, and summarizes the useful experience of the procuratorial organs in implementing the administrative law enforcement supervision in various countries, which can be used as a reference for our country. The fourth part is the construction of procuratorial supervision system of administrative illegal acts in our country. This part is the core part of the full text, and discusses in detail the characteristics, principles, scope, contents and specific supervision procedures of the procuratorial supervision system for administrative illegal acts.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.3

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