案件质量评估语境下的审判管理改革——基于上诉发改率指标管理的实证分析

发布时间：2018-05-19 09:40

本文选题：案件质量 + 审判管理　；参考：《河南大学学报(社会科学版)》2012年02期

【摘要】：全国法院开展的案件质量评估,以及各地高、中级法院对下级法院开展的"绩效考核",是审判管理改革的重要探索。上诉案件发回重审改判率(简称上诉发改率)是案件质量评估中最重要的指标。基于"二审裁判结果是一审案件质量的直观反映"的评估原理,上诉发改率即成为评价一审法院案件质量的重要标准。通过调研分析发现二审发回重审和改判案件并非都系一审裁判错误所致,新证据、新事实、自由裁量事项、其他各种不可归咎于一审法院的原因等,都可能导致二审发回重审或改判。现有的案件质量评估机制未能合理区分二审改判和发回重审的具体原因,只能将二审发回重审和改判案件一律纳入计算,这样势必会影响以上诉发改率为依据的案件质量评估的准确性和科学性,相应地也必然会影响管理行为的有效性。破解这一实践难题的路径是构建案件质量评估数据区分与审核机制,即完善裁判机制与统计机制,建立审核机制与申辩机制,不断推进审判管理改革的完善与创新,使审判管理行为更具科学性和实效性。
[Abstract]:The evaluation of the quality of cases carried out by the national courts and the "performance appraisal" carried out by the higher and intermediate courts in various places are important explorations for the reform of trial management. The rate of retrial and revision of appeal cases is the most important index in the evaluation of case quality. Based on the evaluation principle that "the result of the second instance judgment is a direct reflection of the quality of the first instance case", the appeal rate becomes an important standard for evaluating the quality of the case in the court of first instance. Through investigation and analysis, it is found that not all cases of retrial and revision of the second instance are the result of errors in the first instance judgment, new evidence, new facts, discretionary matters, other reasons that cannot be attributed to the court of first instance, and so on. May lead to a second trial back to the trial or a revision of the sentence. The existing mechanism for evaluating the quality of cases fails to reasonably distinguish between the specific reasons for second instance revision and retrial, and can only include all cases of second instance retrial and revision into the calculation. This will inevitably affect the accuracy and scientific nature of the case quality assessment based on the appeal rate, and accordingly will inevitably affect the effectiveness of management behavior. The way to solve this practical problem is to construct the data differentiation and audit mechanism of case quality assessment, that is, to perfect the adjudication mechanism and the statistical mechanism, to establish the auditing mechanism and the defense mechanism, and to continuously promote the perfection and innovation of the trial management reform. To make trial management more scientific and effective.
【作者单位】：重庆大学法学院;重庆行政学院法学教研部;重庆市高级人民法院审判管理办公室;
【分类号】：D926.2

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