1997年以来中国司法体制和工作机制改革进程中上海的实践与探索

发布时间：2018-06-30 09:22

本文选题：上海 + 司法体制　；参考：《华东政法大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：始于20世纪80年代末以改革法院民事审判庭审方式为先导，以1997年党的十五大报告中正式提出推进司法改革为标志，中国司法体制和工作机制改革正式拉开帷幕，并延续至今。上海作为海派文化的发源地，自开埠以来就处于中西文化交锋交融的第一线，最早引入近现代司法理念和西方法治模式，新世纪以来又一直在为建设国际金融中心和国际航运中心而持续努力，在司法体制机制改革领域有许多可圈可点之处。一是它不可避免地是整个国家司法体制改革的组成部分，表现出鲜明地自上而下推进的色彩，展现了国家顶层设计的强力和权威；另一方面，它却是许多改革措施的肇始之地，许多适应上海司法实践需求，在上海司法机关工作中自发萌生的创新举措，经过上海这块法治土地的滋润和检验，逐渐为全国所了解和认可，并随之被最高立法机关或最高司法机关向全国推广，引发司法体制改革大潮中的点点浪花甚至波澜。司法体制改革只有起点，没有终点。要把上海建设成为社会主义法治城市，有必要系统梳理上海司法领域体制机制改革的历史进程，从中找出规律性的改革动机和发展趋向，继续努力成为中国司法改革的试验田和排头兵。为此，本文分八章对上海司法领域体制机制改革进行研究。第一章是关于上海司法领域改革历程的历史考察。研究1997年以来上海司法领域体制机制改革，并不能割裂此前上海发生的司法改革。建国以来上海人民司法事业从无到有，尽管经历过挫折，但总体上呈现出不断发展的态势，奠定了上海司法工作的基本格局，为1997年开始的司法体制改革创造了坚实的基础。而且1997年之前上海的司法改革积累了诸多成功经验和沉痛教训，为1997年以来司法体制和工作机制改革在上海的开展提供了正反面启示；此前进行的诸多有意义的实践探索和创新，也为之后的改革开辟了前进的道路。第二章是关于1997-2002年上海司法领域体制机制改革探索阶段的研究。自1997年到2002年10月党的十六大召开之前的五年，是上海司法领域体制机制改革的探索阶段。在最高司法机关的指导下，上海司法系统认真贯彻中央决策部署，紧紧围绕改革、发展、稳定大局的需要，不断健全和完善司法体制和工作机制，，在工作体制、用人机制和内部运作机制等方面整体推进，各项干部人事制度改革、人员分类管理工作逐步推开。第三章是关于2002-2007年上海司法领域体制机制改革推进阶段的研究。自2002年底到2007年11月党的十七大召开之前的五年，是上海司法领域体制机制改革的推进阶段。改革在法律框架内稳步推进，司法机关内部管理机制不断创新，司法规范化和司法公信力建设取得明显进展；贯彻落实宽严相济刑事政策的监督协调机制更加健全，解决诉讼难、执行难、超期羁押、刑讯逼供等人民群众反映强烈的突出问题取得新成效；政法保障机制不断完善，司法队伍建设和基层基础建设水平明显提高。第四章是关于2007-2012年上海司法领域体制机制改革深化阶段的研究。自2007年底到2012年11月党的十八大召开的五年，是上海司法领域体制机制改革的深化阶段。上海司法机关努力适应人民群众日益增长的司法需求，准确把握宽严相济的刑事政策，积极推进社区矫正和轻微刑事案件和解工作，加强和改进执行工作，建立特困当事人司法救助制度，彰显法制公信力和司法人文关怀，加强律师、公证、司法鉴定等行业的执业监管，不断优化法律服务市场秩序。第五章是关于上海司法领域体制机制改革中的思想纷争及实践取向的研究。在上海探索、推行和深化司法体制和工作机制改革的过程中，一些改革措施的确引起了广泛的讨论，其中不乏质疑和批评之声。就宏观思路来说，就有地方司法领域体制机制改革能否突破中央司法体制改革的框架、各司法部门的进程是否需要统一的争论；就微观举措来说，以“少年法庭”、“案例指导制度”为例，不难看出一些开创性举措引发了长久讨论和争议。正是这些讨论、这些质疑和批评使得上海司法机关更为审慎地对待改革，使其司法体制机制改革的进程走得更为稳当和科学。第六章是关于上海与兄弟省区市在司法领域体制机制改革上横向比较的研究。根据公开的一些资料，通过比较可以发现上海与我国其他省区市在司法领域体制机制改革上有许共同之处，主要体现在司法体制改革的推进动力、根本目标、指导思想、整体进程、发展方向和具体内容上。但上海与其他省区市相比，在重视创新探索、未成年人保护、执行规范化、信息化建设、借鉴国外经验、政法经费保障等方面，还是具有自己的鲜明特色。分析存在这些异同的原因，主要是与司法体制改革的特性和各地区经济社会发展水平不一有关。第七章是关于上海司法领域体制机制改革的分析检讨及成效评价的研究。上海的改革由点到面，由浅入深，循序渐进，严格遵循司法规律，保证了各项改革措施的成功实施，也避免了由此带来种种不必要的失败和资源浪费。虽然已经取得显著成效，但前进的道路上还面临着不少困难与问题，必须清醒地看到上海的改革只是刚刚破题，全面推进和深化上海司法领域体制机制改革，实现司法事业的健康发展还有很长的路要走。第八章是关于继续深化上海司法领域体制机制改革的对策建议。伴随着经济发展和社会转型，人们对于司法的需求空前增长。为了迎接这些挑战，上海只有继续深化司法体制改革以解决社会发展中的司法困境。深化改革的战略目标应设定为“推进司法公正、扩大司法公开、提高司法公信、践行司法为民”。其功能应定位于促进政治体制改革、加强创新社会管理、营造良好法治环境。深化改革应该有一套贯穿于改革从始至终的基本行为准则，充分发挥主观能动性，立足上海实际继续探索适应上海司法实践需求的创新举措，切实提高司法机关的司法水平，创造良好的法治环境，有效促进城市综合实力的提升。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 1980s, the civil trial trial of the reform court was the guide, and the reform of the judiciary was formally proposed in the 15th National Congress of the party in 1997, and the reform of the judicial system and working mechanism was officially opened in China. As the birthplace of the Shanghai school culture, Shanghai has been in the Chinese and Western culture since the opening of the port. The front line of the front, the earliest introduction of the modern judicial idea and the rule of law in the west, has been working hard for the construction of the international financial center and international shipping center since the new century. There are many possible points in the reform of the judicial system. One is that it can not be avoided as a part of the reform of the whole country's judicial system. On the other hand, it is the beginning of many reform measures, and many innovative measures to adapt to the needs of the judicial practice in Shanghai and the spontaneous initiation of the work of the judicial organs in Shanghai, through the moistening and testing of the land of the rule of law in Shanghai, It was gradually known and recognized by the whole country, and then promoted to the country by the supreme legislative organ or the supreme judiciary, causing a little wave and even waves in the reform of the judicial system.
There is only a starting point and no end point in the reform of the judicial system. To build Shanghai into a socialist rule of law city, it is necessary to systematically comb the historical process of the reform of the system and mechanism of the judicial field in Shanghai, to find out the motive and trend of the regular reform and the trend of development, and to continue to be the experimental field and the leader of the reform of the law of China. Therefore, this article is divided into eight The chapter studies the reform of the system and mechanism in the judicial field of Shanghai.
The first chapter is about the historical investigation of the course of the reform of the judicial field in Shanghai. The study of the reform of the system and mechanism of the judicial field in Shanghai since 1997 can not split the judicial reform of the previous Shanghai. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the judicial cause of the people of Shanghai has gone through a setback, but on the whole, it presents a trend of continuous development and has laid the Shanghai. The basic pattern of judicial work has created a solid foundation for the reform of the judicial system which began in 1997. And before 1997, the judicial reform in Shanghai accumulated many successful experiences and lessons, which provided a positive and negative inspiration for the reform of the judicial system and working mechanism since 1997 in Shanghai. The practice exploration and innovation also opened up a way forward for the subsequent reform.
The second chapter is about the study of the exploration stage of the reform of the institutional mechanism in the judicial field of Shanghai in the 1997-2002 year. From 1997 to October 2002, the five years before the Sixteen Party's convening of the party is the exploration stage of the reform of the system mechanism in the field of justice in Shanghai. Under the guidance of the supreme judicial organ, the Shanghai judicial system earnestly implements the central decision and deployment and tightly encircled It is necessary to reform, develop and stabilize the overall situation, constantly improve and perfect the judicial system and working mechanism, promote the work system, the employment mechanism and the internal operation mechanism, and the reform of the personnel system and the management of personnel.
The third chapter is about the research on the stage of the reform of the institutional mechanism in the judicial field of Shanghai in the 2002-2007 year. From the end of 2002 to the Seventeenth National Congress of the party in the five years before the end of 2002 to November 2007, it is the stage for the reform of the system mechanism in the judicial field of Shanghai. The reform is steadily advancing in the legal framework, the internal management mechanism of the judicial organs is constantly innovating, and the judicial rules are regulated. It has made obvious progress in the construction of the credibility and the construction of the judicial credibility. It is more sound to implement the supervision and coordination mechanism of the criminal policy of tempering justice with mercy, to solve the difficulties of the litigation, the difficult execution, the overdue detention and the extortion of confessions by the people, to achieve new results, and to improve the system of political and law guarantee, the construction of the judicial team and the basic infrastructure construction. The level of setting up is obviously improved.
The fourth chapter is about the research on the deepening stage of the reform of the system mechanism in the judicial field of Shanghai in the 2007-2012 year. From the end of 2007 to the five year of the party's eighteen Congress from the end of 2007 to the November 2012, it is the deepening stage of the reform of the system mechanism in the field of justice in Shanghai. The judicial organs of Shanghai try to adapt to the growing judicial needs of the people and accurately grasp the mercy of the leniency. Criminal policy, actively promote community correction and minor criminal cases reconciliation work, strengthen and improve the implementation of the work, establish the judicial assistance system of the special poor parties, highlight the legal credibility of the legal system and judicial humanistic care, strengthen the practice supervision of lawyers, notarization, judicial identification and other industries, and constantly optimize the order of the legal service market.
The fifth chapter is about the study of ideological disputes and practical orientation in the reform of the system and mechanism of the judicial field in Shanghai. In the course of exploring and promoting and deepening the reform of the judicial system and working mechanism in Shanghai, some reform measures have indeed aroused extensive discussion, among which there are many questions and comments. On the macro thinking, there is local justice. Whether the reform of the institutional mechanism can break through the framework of the reform of the central judicial system and whether the process of the judicial departments need a unified debate; for the microcosmic measures, with the example of the "juvenile court" and the "case guidance system", it is not difficult to see that a number of pioneering initiatives have triggered long discussions and disputes. Criticism has made Shanghai's judiciary more prudent in its reform and made its judicial system and mechanism reform more stable and scientific.
The sixth chapter is about the research on the horizontal comparison of the institutional mechanism reform of Shanghai and the city of brothers and regions in the judicial field. According to some public information, we can find that there are some similarities between Shanghai and other provinces and regions in our country in the reform of the judicial system, which is mainly reflected in the impetus of the reform of the judicial system and the fundamental goal. However, compared with other provinces and municipalities, Shanghai has its own distinctive features in the aspects of innovation exploration, minors protection, standardization, information construction, foreign experience and the guarantee of political and legal funds. The main reason is to analyze the reasons for these similarities and differences, mainly with the judicature. The characteristics of institutional reform are related to the level of economic and social development in different regions.
The seventh chapter is about the analysis and evaluation of the reform of the institutional mechanism in the field of Shanghai's judicature. The reform of Shanghai is from the point of view, from the shallow to the deep, by the step by step, strictly following the law of justice, ensuring the successful implementation of the reform measures and avoiding the unnecessary failure and the waste of resources. Remarkable achievements have been made, but there are still a lot of difficulties and problems on the way forward. We must clearly see that the reform of Shanghai is just a new problem. It has a long way to go to promote and deepen the reform of the system and mechanism of the judicial field in Shanghai, and to realize the healthy development of the judicial cause.
The eighth chapter is about the countermeasures and suggestions for further deepening the reform of the system mechanism in the field of Shanghai's judicature. With the economic development and social transformation, the demand for the judiciary is increasing unprecedentedly. In order to meet these challenges, Shanghai should continue to deepen the reform of the judicial system to solve the Judicial Dilemma in the social development. The strategic objectives of deepening the reform should be set up. The function should be to promote the reform of the political system, strengthen the innovation of the social management, and create a good environment for the rule of law. The reform should have a set of basic principles that run through the reform from the beginning to the end, and give full play to the subjective initiative and foothold. The sea will continue to explore the innovative measures to meet the needs of the judicial practice in Shanghai, improve the judicial level of the judiciary, create a good environment for the rule of law, and effectively promote the promotion of the comprehensive strength of the city.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D929;D926

【参考文献】