论检察机关侦查权的配置

发布时间：2018-07-01 12:41

本文选题：我国检察机关 + 侦查权配置　；参考：《西南交通大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：侦查权配置不仅仅是一个单纯的法理问题而且涉及政治制度安排,与国家的刑事政策和反腐斗争紧密相关。就是指是检察机关在刑事诉讼中用什么样的手段和方式来保证检察机关侦查权的合理配备和布置,以实现侦查权的价值。本文一开始从绪论中将本文的写作目的进行了说明,并对现在本论题的研究现状予以说明。已经给出的侦查权配置的定义入手,对侦查权配置的两种模式和影响侦查权配置的条件论证了什么是侦查权的配置,怎么样配置。侦查权的横向配置,也就是立法者在设计实体法时将众多的案件按照一定的划分标准,各个侦查机关按照这个标准来享有立案管辖的权力。然而,随着社会的发展,犯罪的类型越来越多,犯罪的手段也越来越多样,犯罪也也越向专业化、职业化发展,黑社会团伙性质、犯罪集团性质、官商结合、国家公职人员沦为黑保护伞的案件越来越多,使侦查权的配置不得不因犯罪类型的增多而在享有侦查权的部门中重新分配。为了有效维护法律秩序,实现刑罚遏制犯罪的功能,需要提高侦查的效率；因而加强侦查机关专业化建设,也成为一个现实的选择。侦查权的横向配置,客观上有利于侦查机关的专业化分工,从而提高不同侦查机关侦查其所管辖的犯罪案件的侦查能力；同时也有利于明确责任。检察机关侦查权的配置比其他机关享有更多的范围。在程序中,其他侦查机关的侦查权实现比较单一,而检察机关侦查权的实现是贯穿于刑事诉讼每个阶段的。具体来说其他侦查机关对案件只享有案件的启动权,即立案和调取证据的权力。而检察机关的侦查权包括办理自己管辖的职务犯罪案件,还有侦查监督权,以及在审查起诉阶段中的补充侦查权,审判阶段的侦查权等等,也就是说检察机关侦查权配置的实现程序比其他侦查机关更加广泛,这是由检察机关法律监督机关的性质决定的,因此检察机关侦查权配置贯穿于整个刑事程序中。在检察机关中也包括了纵向的配置和横向的配置。因为我国上下级检察机关是领导和被领导的关系,而非法院的指导关系,因此在检察机关侦查权配置的纵向划分中就存在上级检察机关对下级检察机关的案件操控权。而横向的侦查权配置则是检察机关对其他侦查机关的侦查监督权失控后,即对其他侦查机关的违法渎职人员的查办。从我国现行刑事诉讼法律规定来看,侦查权配置模式是纵向与横向混合采用；既采用了纵向配置模式中的部分内容(将侦查措施决定权、侦查行为监督权、侦查措施执行权等分别授权给不同的机关行使),又采用了横向配置模式中的部分内容(将犯罪侦查权按照类型不同分别授权给公安机关、检察机关、国家安全机关、军队保卫部门、监狱行使)。在现行侦查权配置模式中,检察机关既行使职务犯罪侦查权、又行使侦查监督权与部分侦查措施决定权等。从原理上讲,一项制度的设计在客观上的运作效果往往与其主观上的目标设定密切相关,制度设计的目的制约着甚至决定着制度的框架及其实践效果。这种现行的侦查权配置模式导致检察机关在工作中遭遇到种种困难与问题。
[Abstract]:The disposition of the right of investigation is not only a simple legal question but also related to the political system arrangement. It is closely related to the state's criminal policy and the struggle against corruption. It means that the procuratorial organs use what means and ways to ensure the reasonable preparation and arrangement of the procuratorial organs' right of investigation in criminal proceedings, so as to realize the value of the investigation right. At the beginning, the purpose of this article is explained from the introduction, and the present research status of this topic is explained. The definition of the allocation of investigative right has been given, and the two modes of investigation right allocation and the conditions that affect the allocation of investigative power are demonstrated. What is the configuration of the right of investigation and how to configure the right of investigation? That is, when the legislator designs the substantive law, many cases are in accordance with a certain standard of division. Every investigative organ enjoys the power of filing a case in accordance with this standard. However, with the development of the society, the types of crime are more and more, the means of the crime are more and more diverse, and the crime is also more specialized, professional and underworld. The nature of the gang, the nature of the criminal group, the combination of the official business and the government and business, the number of cases of the state official being reduced to the black umbrella, the allocation of the power of investigation has to be redistributed in the departments enjoying the right of investigation in the case of the increase of criminal types. In order to effectively safeguard the legal order and realize the function of the punishment to contain the crime, the efficiency of the investigation should be improved. Therefore, it is also a realistic choice to strengthen the specialized construction of the investigative organs. The lateral disposition of the power of investigation is in favor of the specialized division of labor of the investigation organs, thus improving the ability of investigating the criminal cases under the jurisdiction of the investigative organs; at the same time, it is also beneficial to the definite responsibility. The configuration of the procuratorial organ's investigation power is compared with other machines. In the procedure, the realization of the investigative power of other investigative organs is relatively simple, and the realization of the investigative power of the procuratorial organ runs through every stage of the criminal procedure. In particular, the other investigative organs have the right to start the case, that is, the right to file a case and take the evidence. The case of duty crime under the jurisdiction of himself, the right of investigation and supervision, the right of supplementary investigation in the stage of examination and prosecution, the right of investigation in the stage of trial and so on, that is to say, the realization procedure of the procuratorial organ's investigation right is more extensive than that of other investigative organs, which is determined by the nature of the procuratorial organ and the legal supervision organ. The configuration of the power of investigation in the organ runs through the whole criminal procedure. In the procuratorial organ, it also includes the vertical configuration and the horizontal configuration. Because the procuratorial organs of the upper and lower levels of our country are the relationship between the leaders and the leaders, but not the guiding relations of the court, so there is a superior procuratorial organ in the longitudinal division of the procuratorial organ's investigation power. The disposition of the procuratorial organs is the right of control of cases, while the horizontal configuration of the right of investigation is to investigate the illegal and dereliction of duty of other investigative organs after the procuratorial organ is out of control of the power of investigation and supervision of other investigative organs. The parts of the configuration mode (the right to determine the determination of the investigation measures, the supervision of the investigation behavior, the execution of the investigation measures, etc.) are authorized to be exercised by different organs respectively, and the part of the horizontal configuration mode is adopted. (the right of criminal investigation is separately authorized to the public security organs, the procuratorial organs, the state security organs, and the military security, according to the types. " In the current mode of the allocation of the power of investigation, the procuratorial organ exercises both the power of the investigation of the crime of duty and the exercise of the power of the investigation and supervision and the decision of some investigation measures. In principle, the objective of the design of a system is closely related to the objective setting of the objective, and the purpose of the system design is restricted. It even determines the framework of the system and its practical effects. This kind of current mode of investigation power allocation leads to various difficulties and problems encountered by procuratorial organs in their work.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D925.2;D926.3

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