论海洋生态损害民事诉讼检察机关原告资格

发布时间：2018-07-03 21:20

本文选题：海洋生态 + 海洋环境　；参考：《大连海事大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：长期以来海洋为人类提供了大量的物质产品和服务,是人类发展的重要环境。然而各种污染事故,在对海洋生态造成严重破坏的同时,也给人类造成了巨大的经济损失。我国《海洋环境保护法》第90条第2款对海洋环境损害的救济作出规定。虽然该法条赋予海洋环境监督管理机构以原告资格提起海洋环境损害赔偿之诉,但是本法中的“海洋环境”并不等同全部“海洋生态”,法律规定的不明确,使部分“海洋生态”得不到法律的保护,造成实践中存在诸多问题。给我国保护海洋生态的工作带来了很多麻烦。为此急需构建保护此类“海洋生态”的损害民事赔偿诉讼制度,尤其是要明确能够提起海洋生态损害民事赔偿之诉的原告资格。本文对国内外在提起海洋生态损害民事赔偿之诉原告资格问题方面的学理和实践进行全面研究分析,同时对检察机关,行政机关,公民、法人或其他组织作为原告时的优缺点加以全面客观地比较,指出行政机关现阶段部门分工不明确,在行政执法的过程中还会掺杂部门的私利,导致行政执法不透明,从而影响海洋生态损害的及时有效得到救济；公民、法人或其他组织因为自身性质等客观因素,如果作为海洋生态损害民事赔偿之诉中的原告,那么与被告(一般是大型企业或组织)相比,在举证责任的承担、在提起诉讼的动力,甚至于在诉讼信心上都要相对弱势,这种不平等的状况会影响海洋生态损害民事赔偿之诉的正常进行,还可能影响诉讼的结果。而检察机关可以克服以上两个主体在提起诉讼时所面临的问题,因此就可以明确我国现阶段检察机关在此类海洋生态损害民事赔偿之诉的原告地位。但是检察机关作为原告提起海洋生态损害民事赔偿之诉仍然有不要完善的地方,文中还对此不足提出若干合理建议,其主要目的就是使我国在海洋生态损害救济上有法可依,构建一个完善的海洋生态损害赔偿民事赔偿诉讼的法律制度,发挥检察机关的能动作用,使我国的海洋生态得到更好的保护。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the ocean has provided a large number of material products and services for human beings, and is an important environment for human development. However, all kinds of pollution accidents not only cause serious damage to marine ecology, but also cause huge economic losses to human beings. Article 90, paragraph 2, of the Marine Environment Protection Law of China provides for the relief of damage to the marine environment. Although the law gives the marine environmental supervision and administration authority the right to sue for damages to the marine environment in the plaintiff's capacity, the term "marine environment" in this law is not equal to all "marine ecology", and the provisions of the law are not clear. Some marine ecology can not be protected by law, resulting in many problems in practice. It brings a lot of trouble to the protection of marine ecology in our country. Therefore, it is urgent to construct a civil damages litigation system to protect such "marine ecology", especially to clarify the plaintiff's qualification to file a suit for marine ecological damage civil compensation. This paper makes a comprehensive research and analysis on the academic theory and practice of bringing up the issue of the plaintiff's qualification in the civil compensation for marine ecological damage at home and abroad. At the same time, it also makes a comprehensive research and analysis on the procuratorial organs, administrative organs, citizens, The advantages and disadvantages of legal persons or other organizations as plaintiffs are compared comprehensively and objectively. It is pointed out that the division of labor in administrative departments is not clear at the present stage, and the private interests of departments will be mixed in the process of administrative law enforcement, which will lead to opacity in administrative law enforcement. Thus affecting the timely and effective relief of marine ecological damage; citizens, legal persons or other organizations, because of their own nature and other objective factors, if as the plaintiff in civil compensation for marine ecological damage, Well, compared with the defendant (usually a large enterprise or organization), the burden of proof is relatively weak in terms of the burden of proof, the motivation to initiate a lawsuit, and even the confidence in litigation. This inequality will affect the normal conduct of civil claims for marine ecological damage, and may also affect the outcome of the proceedings. The procuratorial organ can overcome the problems that the above two subjects face when they file a lawsuit, so we can make clear the plaintiff status of the procuratorial organ in this kind of marine ecological damage civil compensation suit at the present stage in our country. However, the procuratorial organ, as the plaintiff, still has some problems in bringing a suit for civil compensation for marine ecological damage. The paper also puts forward some reasonable suggestions for this deficiency, the main purpose of which is to make our country have legal basis for the relief of marine ecological damage. A perfect legal system of civil compensation for marine ecological damages should be established to give full play to the active role of procuratorial organs so that the marine ecology of our country can be better protected.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.6;D925.1;D926.3

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