检察机关提起环境公益诉讼制度诉前程序研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 14:23

本文选题：环境公益诉讼 + 诉前程序　；参考：《江西财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境公益诉讼,是公益诉讼中重要的一种。当今社会中环境问题频发,因此各国法律界都选择通过加强公益诉讼制度来保护环境。在我国,环境公益诉讼的发展还十分新,而检察机关作为环境公益诉讼的主体,也才是2015年7月发布的《检察机关提起公益诉讼改革试点方案》中最新通过的。在该方案中,一个制度上的重要创新,是诉前程序的设置。诉前程序的设置,使得检察机关在环境公益诉讼多元主体中具有更为明确的地位和角色,得以作为最后的诉讼保障人而在环境公益诉讼中存在。它的存在,既具有必要性,也具有可行性,并且能够很好地防止环境公益诉讼的滥诉,使得检察机关保持自身的谦抑性,并节省司法资源。对此,我国试点范围内的省市的检察机关,正在积极探索如何更好地施行诉前程序,不过,由于缺乏经验,一些施行过程中的问题也逐步暴露出来,其具体则反映了《试点方案》在诉前程序规定上的不足,有待在日后积累了一定司法实践的经验后,逐步完善。参考域外相关立法和司法经验,从中可知,域外国家地区的检查机关提起环境公益诉讼及其诉前程序的相关规定给予了我国许多良好的启示。其展现在:第一,对检察机关的环境公益诉讼主体资格在法律上进行明确。第二,配套制度的完善。第三,在检察机关和个体、相关组织之间关于环境公益诉讼的顺序上,各国规定较为灵活,其更注重的是不同诉讼主体和检察机关之间的实质性沟通交流和彼此在环境公益诉讼上的配合。结合我国实际情况,可以发现,我国现阶段在检察机关提起环境公益诉讼的诉前程序上,要从程序流程、诉前程序具体内容和诉前程序效果保障三个方面出发,去进一步完善现有制度。
[Abstract]:Environmental Public interest Litigation is an important kind of Public interest Litigation. Nowadays, environmental problems occur frequently in the society, so the legal circles of all countries choose to protect the environment by strengthening the public interest litigation system. In China, the development of environmental public interest litigation is still very new, and the procuratorial organ, as the main body of environmental public interest litigation, was the latest adopted in the "pilot Program of Public interest Litigation initiated by Procuratorial organs" published in July 2015. In this scheme, an important innovation in the system is the setting of pre-litigation procedure. The establishment of the pre-litigation procedure makes the procuratorial organ have a more clear position and role in the multi-subject of environmental public interest litigation, and can exist in the environmental public interest litigation as the last litigant. Its existence is not only necessary but also feasible, and it can prevent the environmental public interest litigation from overcharging, make the procuratorial organ maintain its modesty and save the judicial resources. In view of this, procuratorial organs of provinces and cities in China's pilot areas are actively exploring how to better implement the pre-lawsuit procedures. However, due to lack of experience, some problems in the implementation process have gradually been exposed. It reflects the deficiency of the "pilot program" in the pre-lawsuit procedure, and needs to be perfected gradually after the accumulation of certain judicial practice experience in the future. With reference to the relevant legislation and judicial experience of foreign countries, it can be seen that the environmental public interest litigation and the relevant provisions of its pre-litigation procedure in overseas countries have given our country many good enlightenment. Firstly, the qualification of environmental public interest litigation subject of procuratorial organ is clearly defined in law. Second, the improvement of supporting system. Third, in the order of environmental public interest litigation between procuratorial organs, individuals and relevant organizations, the provisions of various countries are more flexible. It pays more attention to the substantive communication and cooperation between different subjects and procuratorial organs in environmental public interest litigation. In combination with the actual situation in our country, we can find that at the present stage in our country, we should proceed from three aspects: the procedure flow, the specific content of the pre-lawsuit procedure and the guarantee of the effect of the pre-lawsuit procedure in the prosecution of environmental public interest litigation initiated by the procuratorial organ. To further improve the existing system.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.3

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