论精英模式下的英国出庭律师

发布时间：2018-08-02 18:23

【摘要】：英国法律有两千多年的发展历程，形成了许多独具特色的司法制度文明，二元分野的律师制度就是其中的一例。英国的律师分为事务律师和出庭律师，有时也称为小律师和大律师，事务律师主要负责庭前准备工作，出庭律师主要负责开庭答辩。近年来，二元律师有融合的趋势，事务律师也能在低级法院出庭辩护，但是出庭律师的精英特质以及出庭律师在英国司法界的低位使其不会轻易退出历史舞台。本文以出庭律师的精英特质为角度，全面分析出庭律师的形成，接受的精英教育，职业特点，与英国上层的关系以及对英国法治进程的影响。本文除引言外，正文共分为五个部分：首先，引言。引言部分介绍了该选题的理论意义、实践价值和资料收集情况，接着介绍了国内外对英国出庭律师研究现状，并做了简要概述，最后阐述了本文的研究思路和研究方法，并分析了写作中遇到的困难以及本文的研究重点和创新之处。正文第一部分，英国律师制度基本介绍。介绍了英国律师制度的形成与发展趋势，英国出庭律师形成的原因。出庭律师产生的传统和现代因素。传统因素中包含古希腊“雄辩术”的影响和日耳曼法注重形式的后世延伸，现代司法文明对抗制诉讼程序强调辩论技艺，以及保证独立辩护，庭审辩护意见不受当事人干扰。第二部分，英国出庭律师接受的精英教育。出庭律师的崇高地位和精英特质很大程度上源自其接受的贵族式精英教育。这部分先论述了出庭律师自中世纪至近代接受的法律教育，接着详细论述近代英国教育改革以后出庭律师的法律学习流程，包括法学理论学习阶段，法律职业实务操作阶段，律师事务实习阶段，继续职业培训阶段。第三部分，，英国出庭律师的职业特点。英国出庭律师的精英特质不仅仅体现在精英教育，还包括职业特权。出庭律师独立的辩护人地位和职业伦理中的诚信和有限忠诚表明，他们不仅是实现司法公正的的另一只手，还是司法过程的监护人。个人单独执业使他们的职业风格和习惯更趋于保守。客观、中立的律师意见书和上诉法院的口头审理程序造就了英国经验型司法的辉煌。出庭律师行业内部高度的凝聚力强化了这一社会精英团体的稳定性。第四部分，英国出庭律师与英国上层社会。这部分介绍了出庭律师与法官在职业共同体和职业轨迹上的关系，出庭律师与司法界上层，出庭律师与英国首相之间的关系，并分析了英国文官制度对英国法治的影响。第五部分，以出庭律师为代表的精英司法阶层对英国法治的影响。一是精英司法阶层促进了英国法学教育的发展。二是对英国独立的普通法传统的影响，精英文化使英国法治保守固化，没有受到罗马法的大规模影响，形成了独具一格的普通法传统。三是对英国独特的法治传统的影响。法律至上、辩论式诉讼程序、判例法传统都是英国独具特色的司法制度文明。最后，结语部分对全文进行简要总结。
[Abstract]:British law has been developed for more than two thousand years and has formed a number of unique judicial system civilizations. The lawyer system of the two yuan division is one of them. The British lawyers are divided into business lawyers and court lawyers, sometimes called small lawyers and barristers, and the solicitors are mainly responsible for the preparation of the work before the court, and the barrister is mainly responsible for the opening of the court. In recent years, the two yuan lawyer has the trend of integration, and the solicitor can also appear in the lower court, but the elite character of the lawyer and the low position of the lawyer in the British judiciary will not easily withdraw from the history stage. The elite education, the professional characteristics, the relationship with the British upper class and the influence on the rule of law in England.
In addition to the introduction, the text is divided into five parts:
First, the introduction introduces the theoretical significance, practical value and data collection of the topic, then introduces the research status of the British court lawyers at home and abroad, and gives a brief overview. Finally, it expounds the research ideas and methods of this paper, and analyzes the difficulties encountered in the writing and the research emphasis and innovation of this article. The place.
The first part of the text, the basic introduction of the British lawyer system, introduces the formation and development trend of the British lawyer system, the reasons for the formation of the British barrister, the traditional and modern factors produced by the barrister, including the influence of the ancient Greek "eloquence" and the extension of the form of the Germanic law, and the modern judicial civilization The anti litigation procedure emphasizes the skills of debate, and guarantees independent defense. The defence of court trial is not subject to interference from the parties.
The second part is the elite education accepted by the British barrister. The lofty status and elite characteristics of the barrister are largely derived from the aristocratic elite education they accept. This part discusses the legal education accepted by the Barrister from the Middle Ages to the modern times, and then discusses the legal science of the court lawyer after the modern British educational reform. The process of study includes the study of legal theory, the practice of legal profession, the practice of lawyer affairs and the continuing vocational training.
The third part is the professional characteristics of the British barrister. The elite characteristics of the British barrister are not only reflected in the elite education, but also of professional privileges. The status of the independent defender of the lawyer and the integrity and limited loyalty of the professional ethics show that they are not only another hand to realize the judicial justice, but also the guardianship of the judicial process. Individual practice makes their professional style and habits more conservative. Objective, neutral lawyer's opinions and the oral hearing procedure of the court of appeal make the British experiential justice brilliant. The high cohesion within the court of the court strengthens the stability of this social elite group.
The fourth part is the British barrister and the British upper society. This part introduces the relationship between the court lawyer and the judge on the career community and career path, the relationship between the barrister and the upper level of the judiciary, the court lawyer and the British Prime Minister, and analyzes the influence of the British civil service system on the rule of law in Britain.
The fifth part, the influence of the elite judiciary represented by the barrister in court on the rule of law in Britain. One is that the elite judiciary has promoted the development of the British law education. Two is the influence of the British independent common law tradition, the elite culture makes the British rule of law conservative and solidified, and has not been influenced by the large scale of the Rome law. The traditional law tradition. Three is the influence of the unique tradition of the rule of law in Britain. The supremacy of law, the debating proceedings, and the tradition of case law are the unique civilizations of the judiciary in Britain.
Finally, the conclusion is a brief summary of the full text.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D956.1;DD916

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