论经济上弱势群体的司法保护
发布时间：2018-08-19 13:26
【摘要】：随着我国市场经济体制的不断深入,社会分层的不断加剧,以经济贫困为特点的弱势群体逐渐突显出来,并日益成为影响和谐稳定和经济发展的重大问题。因此加强对经济上弱势群体的保护是构建和谐社会、促进社会发展的必然要求。而司法制度作为平衡与协调阶层利益最有效、最可靠的“社会调整器”,对经济上弱势群体的保护,发挥着独特而又巨大的作用,通过对经济上弱势群体的利益进行适当的补偿,帮助他们实现生存和发展的愿望,赋予他们个人发展的机会,使其权益真正得到落实和保障,既是社会公平、法律正义的体现,也是社会发展的应有之义。 法律语境中的弱势群体既包括经济贫困群体,也包括权利贫困和能力贫困群体。而其中经济贫困是弱势群体的主要特征,经济是个人从事社会活动的基础,一切社会活动离不开经济的支撑。经济上的强势使得个人能够拥有更多的机会参与到社会政治、文化及社交活动中,从而赢得较高社会评价以及更多的发展机会。相反经济的弱势带来在精神资料的享有和政治权利的获取方面都处于缺失或贫瘠的状态。因此加强对经济上弱势群体的保护不仅是其权利保护的前提和基础,也是维持其生存状态的基本要求。 司法保护是经济上弱势群体权益保护的最后一道防线,其在维护国家司法公正、促进社会和谐稳定上发挥着重大作用。然而在现实生活中我国对经济上弱势群体司法保护仍存在一些问题,需要进一步加以改进和完善。在立法环节中,宪法和法律虽从不同程度对经济上弱势群体进行法律保护,但是由于立法的模糊性、不明确性,使的司法救济的相关法律法规缺乏可操作性。在司法权运作中,办案周期长、司法效率低、司法腐败的现象仍时有发生,不仅使经济上弱势群体的权益得不到有效的保护,还使其生活进一步陷入困窘。在法律的实际运作过程中,由于诉讼成本的高额,个别乱收费现象仍在继续,使得经济上弱势群体的权益遭受肆意的践踏时而无法踏进司法保护的门槛,此种情绪的累积下,易导致经济上的弱势群体采取极端的发泄方式,最终走向犯罪的道路。因此寻求多层次的保护和情感诉求渠道是不仅经济上弱势群体的迫切需求也是公平正义的必然要求。 根据我国权力制衡理论得出：没有监督的权力必然导致腐败,然而对于司法领域里的工作人员来说,亦是如此。在司法理论上,完善司法监督机制是实现司法公正、保障司法独立、限制司法机关工作人自由裁量权以及防治司法腐败的必然要求,这为完善对经济上弱势群体司法保护机制提供了实践基础。 健全对经济上弱势群体的司法保护机制。首先,应不断的完善法律援助的立法,使更多的弱势群体纳入法律保护的轨道。其次,明确人大、党政机关以及检察机关的监督职责、监督规范,缩短办案周期,提高司法效率；对司法权进行有力的监督,惩罚司法腐败；提高司法机关工作人员保护弱势群体的意识,形成向经济上弱势群体倾斜的司法氛围。再次,畅通经济上弱势群体的利益和情感的诉求渠道,发展与完善替代性纠纷解决机制以弥补诉讼之不足,有利于方便当事人参与、降低诉讼成本等特点,从而实现对经济上弱势群体多层次的保护。最后,主要通过完善其他社会条件来实现司法保护的有效运作,逐步建立起对经济上弱势群体行之有效的司法保护机制。 总之,对经济上弱势群体的司法保护是一项系统而复杂的工程,涉及到社会各个方面利益的调整以及要素的整合。要紧紧围绕我国对经济上弱势群体特殊保护的原则,努力实现司法公正。同时不仅要从我国国情出发,结合现阶段当今社会的政治、经济、文化和法治建设的实际,更需要经济上弱势群体的自身努力和发展,共同构建和完善我国对经济上弱势群体司法保护的体系。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of China's market economic system and the deepening of social stratification, the disadvantaged groups characterized by economic poverty have gradually emerged and become an important issue affecting harmony, stability and economic development. The judicial system, as the most effective and reliable "social regulator" to balance and coordinate the interests of different strata, plays a unique and tremendous role in protecting the economically disadvantaged groups. Through appropriate compensation for the interests of the economically disadvantaged groups, the judicial system can help them realize their desire for survival and development and give them opportunities for personal development. It is not only the embodiment of social fairness and legal justice, but also the proper meaning of social development to ensure the implementation and protection of its rights and interests.
The disadvantaged groups in the legal context include not only the economically impoverished groups, but also the rights impoverished and the ability impoverished groups.The economic impoverishment is the main characteristic of the disadvantaged groups, and the economy is the basis for individuals to engage in social activities.All social activities can not be separated from the economic support.The economic strength enables individuals to have more opportunities to participate. On the contrary, economic disadvantage leads to the absence or impoverishment of the enjoyment of spiritual materials and the acquisition of political rights. Therefore, strengthening the protection of economically disadvantaged groups is not only the premise of their rights protection, but also the prerequisite of their rights protection. Foundation is also the basic requirement to maintain its living condition.
Judicial protection is the last line of defense for the protection of the rights and interests of economically vulnerable groups. It plays an important role in safeguarding national judicial justice and promoting social harmony and stability. Law and law protect the economically disadvantaged groups from different degrees, but because of the vagueness and ambiguity of legislation, the relevant laws and regulations of judicial relief are lack of maneuverability. In the actual operation of the law, due to the high cost of litigation, the phenomenon of individual arbitrary charges continues, making the rights and interests of the economically disadvantaged groups subjected to wanton trampling and unable to step into the threshold of judicial protection, the accumulation of such emotions, easy to lead to through Economic disadvantaged groups take extreme ways to vent, and eventually go to the road of crime. Therefore, seeking multi-level protection and emotional appeal channels is not only the urgent needs of economically disadvantaged groups, but also the inevitable requirement of fairness and justice.
According to the theory of checks and balances of power in our country, the power without supervision will inevitably lead to corruption, but for the staff in the judicial field, the same is true. However, this provides a practical basis for improving the judicial protection mechanism for economically disadvantaged groups.
To improve the judicial protection mechanism for economically vulnerable groups, we should first of all, constantly improve the legislation of legal aid so that more vulnerable groups can be brought into the orbit of legal protection. Supervise and punish judicial corruption; enhance the awareness of judicial staff to protect vulnerable groups, and form a judicial atmosphere inclined to economically vulnerable groups. thirdly, smooth the economic vulnerable groups'interests and emotional appeal channels, develop and improve alternative dispute resolution mechanism to make up for the shortcomings of litigation, is conducive to the convenience of the parties. Participation, reducing litigation costs and other characteristics, so as to achieve multi-level protection of economically vulnerable groups. Finally, mainly through improving other social conditions to achieve effective operation of judicial protection, and gradually establish an effective judicial protection mechanism for economically vulnerable groups.
In short, the judicial protection of economically disadvantaged groups is a systematic and complex project, involving the adjustment of the interests of all aspects of society and the integration of factors. The reality of the political, economic, cultural and legal construction of the society calls for the efforts and development of the economically disadvantaged groups themselves to jointly build and improve the judicial protection system for the economically disadvantaged groups in China.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D926
本文编号：2191790
[Abstract]:With the deepening of China's market economic system and the deepening of social stratification, the disadvantaged groups characterized by economic poverty have gradually emerged and become an important issue affecting harmony, stability and economic development. The judicial system, as the most effective and reliable "social regulator" to balance and coordinate the interests of different strata, plays a unique and tremendous role in protecting the economically disadvantaged groups. Through appropriate compensation for the interests of the economically disadvantaged groups, the judicial system can help them realize their desire for survival and development and give them opportunities for personal development. It is not only the embodiment of social fairness and legal justice, but also the proper meaning of social development to ensure the implementation and protection of its rights and interests.
The disadvantaged groups in the legal context include not only the economically impoverished groups, but also the rights impoverished and the ability impoverished groups.The economic impoverishment is the main characteristic of the disadvantaged groups, and the economy is the basis for individuals to engage in social activities.All social activities can not be separated from the economic support.The economic strength enables individuals to have more opportunities to participate. On the contrary, economic disadvantage leads to the absence or impoverishment of the enjoyment of spiritual materials and the acquisition of political rights. Therefore, strengthening the protection of economically disadvantaged groups is not only the premise of their rights protection, but also the prerequisite of their rights protection. Foundation is also the basic requirement to maintain its living condition.
Judicial protection is the last line of defense for the protection of the rights and interests of economically vulnerable groups. It plays an important role in safeguarding national judicial justice and promoting social harmony and stability. Law and law protect the economically disadvantaged groups from different degrees, but because of the vagueness and ambiguity of legislation, the relevant laws and regulations of judicial relief are lack of maneuverability. In the actual operation of the law, due to the high cost of litigation, the phenomenon of individual arbitrary charges continues, making the rights and interests of the economically disadvantaged groups subjected to wanton trampling and unable to step into the threshold of judicial protection, the accumulation of such emotions, easy to lead to through Economic disadvantaged groups take extreme ways to vent, and eventually go to the road of crime. Therefore, seeking multi-level protection and emotional appeal channels is not only the urgent needs of economically disadvantaged groups, but also the inevitable requirement of fairness and justice.
According to the theory of checks and balances of power in our country, the power without supervision will inevitably lead to corruption, but for the staff in the judicial field, the same is true. However, this provides a practical basis for improving the judicial protection mechanism for economically disadvantaged groups.
To improve the judicial protection mechanism for economically vulnerable groups, we should first of all, constantly improve the legislation of legal aid so that more vulnerable groups can be brought into the orbit of legal protection. Supervise and punish judicial corruption; enhance the awareness of judicial staff to protect vulnerable groups, and form a judicial atmosphere inclined to economically vulnerable groups. thirdly, smooth the economic vulnerable groups'interests and emotional appeal channels, develop and improve alternative dispute resolution mechanism to make up for the shortcomings of litigation, is conducive to the convenience of the parties. Participation, reducing litigation costs and other characteristics, so as to achieve multi-level protection of economically vulnerable groups. Finally, mainly through improving other social conditions to achieve effective operation of judicial protection, and gradually establish an effective judicial protection mechanism for economically vulnerable groups.
In short, the judicial protection of economically disadvantaged groups is a systematic and complex project, involving the adjustment of the interests of all aspects of society and the integration of factors. The reality of the political, economic, cultural and legal construction of the society calls for the efforts and development of the economically disadvantaged groups themselves to jointly build and improve the judicial protection system for the economically disadvantaged groups in China.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D926
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