论基层人民调解的社会治理功能

发布时间：2018-10-24 19:14

【摘要】：十八届四中全会明确提出“完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度,推进治理体系和治理能力现代化”的目标,它标志着治理理念在政府执政方针中的正式引入。社会治理不同于传统行政管理,是我国执政理念的重大创新。社会治理来源于社会自治权,强调主体间的协作与自治。而所谓基层人民调解的社会治理功能,就是由政府主导,依靠民间组织、社会组织等其它第三方部门的协调与参与,通过人民调解化解社会纠纷,维护社会和谐,从而对社会秩序进行有效治理。在我国基层管理实务中,人民调解组织除了承担基层纠纷化解功能之外,还承担着普法宣传、人际关系融合的文化整合功能以及秩序维护和风险控制的政治控制功能。其中,基层人民调解的纠纷解决功能,是其发挥政治控制与文化整合功能的基础;而其政治、文化功能的发挥,则建立在其解纷功能的基础之上。当然,我国基层人民调解的制度功能要实现从传统的行政管理向现代社会治理功能的转变,仍然面临着一系列的困境,具体表现为人民调解纠纷解决功能的弱化、社会控制功能过于强化,以及文化功能部分失效等。这些阻碍因素不仅包含人民调解制度本身的缺陷,还与社会转型带来社会经济结构和人们生活方式的转变、社会理念的改变有关。此外“行政化”与“自治化”的矛盾也是是影响其治理功能发挥的一个重要阻碍因素。为了充分发挥基层人民调解制度的社会治理功能,需要转变政府理念,实现由“全能政府”转变为“有限政府”的过渡;需要振兴基层调解组织,增强社会自治力量;需要平衡调解与审判的关系,将人民调解制度纳入法治轨道。
[Abstract]:The fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly put forward the goal of "perfecting and developing the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, promoting the modernization of the governance system and governing ability", which marks the formal introduction of the concept of governance in the government's governing policy. Social governance is different from traditional administration, and it is an important innovation of our ruling concept. Social governance originates from social autonomy and emphasizes the cooperation and autonomy between subjects. The social governance function of the so-called grass-roots people's mediation is that it is led by the government, relying on the coordination and participation of non-governmental organizations, social organizations, and other third-party departments to resolve social disputes and maintain social harmony through people's mediation. So that the social order for effective governance. In the practice of grass-roots management in our country, the people's mediation organization undertakes not only the functions of resolving disputes at the grass-roots level, but also the functions of cultural integration of popularizing the law, the integration of interpersonal relations and the political control of order maintenance and risk control. Among them, the dispute resolution function of grass-roots people's mediation is the basis of its function of political control and cultural integration, while its political and cultural function is based on its function of resolving disputes. Of course, in order to realize the transformation from traditional administration to modern social governance, the system function of people's mediation at the grass-roots level still faces a series of dilemmas, which is manifested in the weakening of the function of people's mediation and dispute resolution. The function of social control is too strong, and the function of culture is partly invalid. These factors not only contain the defects of the people's mediation system, but also have something to do with the transformation of the social economic structure and people's way of life and the change of the social concept. In addition, the contradiction between "administration" and "autonomy" is an important hindrance to its governance function. In order to give full play to the social governance function of the people's mediation system at the grass-roots level, it is necessary to change the concept of government, realize the transition from "all-powerful government" to "limited government", revitalize the grass-roots mediation organizations and strengthen the social autonomy. It is necessary to balance the relationship between mediation and trial and bring the people's mediation system into the track of ruling by law.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926

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