我国能动司法下的法官裁判行为研究

发布时间：2018-10-29 08:11

【摘要】：社会转型期催生新的权益关系,会产生新的权益纠纷,法官如何裁判未纳入现有法律体系而又为当事人所诉请或者虽然纳入法律体系,但适用现有规则结果明显不正义的案件?我们需要对现存的法官裁判行为进行改革,在能动性的指导下要求法官秉承正义的司法理念,在法律框架内运用自己的理性和经验裁判案件,即要求法官能动司法。分析法官能动裁判时我们必须以能动司法的基础理论为前提,借鉴西方现代法官制度的经验,考量我国现今法官制度的现实状况及形成原因,才能为能动司法下的法官制度构建提供有益探索。在强调法官能动裁判之时,必须要从程序方面和裁判结果说理方面对其行为予以一定规制。通过这些限制,一方面能够保证法官能动司法的积极性,提升裁判文书的质量;另一方面,又能相对遏制法官权力的滥用,确保能动司法在法的框架范围内进行。本文分为四个部分进行论述:第一部分论述相关问题的基本理论,主要包括能动司法的内涵、特征、功能及与美国的司法能动主义的区别、法官裁判行为的相关理论以及法官裁判行为与能动司法之间的关系。目的在于为我国的法官能动裁判行为提供理论基础。第二部分主要论述两大法系的法官裁判行为的历史发展,尤其是法官裁判时适用法律上的自由裁量权的变迁。通过借鉴西方现代法官制度形成的历史溯源来丰富和发展我国的法官制度,尤其是在难办案件中的法律适用问题。第三部分主要论述我国现行法官裁判行为的现状,并进一步探讨该种模式形成的原因,为法官制度的改进提供一定的依据。第四部分是本文的重点,主要论述能动司法下法官裁判行为的制度设计。从相对性、有限性入手讨论法官如何发挥能动性及在哪些案件中发挥能动性,并在此基础上进一步讨论疑难个案中法官如何认定事实和适用法律。
[Abstract]:During the period of social transformation, new rights and interests relationship will arise. How can a judge decide a case that has not been brought into the existing legal system and appealed by the parties or that the result of applying the existing rules is obviously unjust though it is included in the legal system? We need to reform the existing judges' adjudication behavior. Under the guidance of the initiative, we require the judges to uphold the judicial concept of justice and use their own rationality and experience to adjudicate cases within the legal framework, that is to say, the judges are required to take the initiative in the administration of justice. When we analyze the judges' active adjudication, we must take the basic theory of active justice as the premise, draw lessons from the experience of the western modern judge system, and consider the realistic situation and the forming reason of our country's present judge system. Only then can provide the beneficial exploration for the construction of the judge system under the active judicature. When emphasizing the judge's initiative, we must regulate the judge's behavior from the aspect of procedure and judgment result reasoning. Through these restrictions, on the one hand, it can ensure the initiative of judges to move the judicial process and improve the quality of the adjudicative documents; on the other hand, it can restrain the abuse of the judge's power and ensure that the active judicature is carried out within the framework of the law. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part discusses the basic theory of related issues, mainly including the connotation, characteristics, functions of active justice and the differences with American judicial activism. The related theory of judge's adjudication behavior and the relation between judge's adjudicative behavior and active judicature. The purpose is to provide a theoretical basis for the judges' active adjudication in our country. The second part mainly discusses the historical development of the judge's adjudication behavior in the two legal systems, especially the change of the discretion in the application of the law to the judge's adjudication. By drawing lessons from the history of the formation of the modern judge system in the West, we can enrich and develop the judge system in our country, especially in the application of the law in the difficult cases. The third part mainly discusses the current situation of judges' adjudication behavior in our country, and further discusses the reasons for the formation of this kind of model, and provides some basis for the improvement of the judge system. The fourth part is the focal point of this paper, mainly discusses the system design of judge's adjudication behavior under the active judicature. From the perspective of relativity and finiteness, this paper discusses how the judge exerts his initiative and in which cases, and on this basis further discusses how the judge determines the facts and applies the law in difficult cases.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.2

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