论非法证据排除规则在检察实务中的适用

发布时间：2019-01-23 13:27

【摘要】：2010年两高三部颁布了"两个证据规定”,即《关于死刑案件审查判断证据若干问题的规定》和《关于办理刑事案件排除非法证据若干问题的规定》,系统性规定了非法证据排除的各项规定,代表着该制度在中国的正式构建。2012年,国内最新完成修订的《刑事诉讼法》从立法的层面对上述规定予以确认,意味着刑事非法证据排除规则在我国的最终确立。修改后的刑诉法确定了非法证据排除规则的具体适用,明确检察机关在排除程序中占有主导地位,就此肯定了具备中国特色的非法证据排除规则。然而规定的内容具有较强的原则性,对具体操作规范未能作出周密的规定,在具体实践操作中运行仍存在一定的困难。据此,论文以检察机关实务工作的有关方向着手,针对怎样优化配套的新规定,以及检察方面如何依靠该制度来开展工作提出对应的意见。全文除引言和结语外,共分为三个部分。第一部分介绍现行我国非法证据排除的基础内容以及其中的各项问题,核心问题属于具体界定存在含混的问题,对应的适用程序不清、二审救济程序不够完善。第二部分阐述检察机关对非法证据排除规则所起的重要作用,即遏制非法证据的产生和履行检察机关的监督职权,并提出了在十八大背景下,反腐力度强大,检察机关在具体办案中对职务犯罪案件和非职务犯罪案件即普通刑事案件适用非法证据排除规则中存在的差异。第三部分也是全文的重点,分别从非法证据排除规则在职务犯罪案件和非职务犯罪案件的适用切入。其中在职务犯罪案件的适用中存在的问题,办案模式、心理定位及取证方式均面临挑战,其次从转变办案理念、正确区分讯问与诱供、更新办案设备并结合检察实务来完善该制度的具体运用。而针对该制度在非职务犯罪有关情形之内的具体运用问题,怎样察觉实际存在的非法证据,如何排除非法言词证据、实物证据、非法证据衍生的其他证据并提出相应完善的建议。最后介绍非法证据排除在审判阶段的应用,就如何启动非法证据排除程序、该程序启动存在的问题、对启动难问题进行分析,并提出设立救济机制的重要意义。不论是职务犯罪案件还是非职务犯罪案件,非法证据均应从源头遏制,深入应用和监督,使排除规则能够良好运转,真正实现打击犯罪与保障人权。
[Abstract]:In 2010, the two High three Ministries promulgated the "two evidentiary provisions", namely, the provisions on certain issues concerning the examination and judgment of evidence in death penalty cases, and the provisions on the exclusion of certain questions of illegal evidence in handling Criminal cases, The systematic provisions on the exclusion of illegal evidence represent the formal construction of the system in China. In 2012, the newly revised Criminal procedure Law confirmed the above provisions at the legislative level. It means that the rule of exclusion of criminal illegal evidence is finally established in our country. The revised Criminal procedure Law determines the specific application of the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence, and clarifies that the procuratorial organ plays a leading role in the exclusion procedure, thus affirming the rule of exclusion of illegal evidence with Chinese characteristics. However, the contents of the regulations have a strong principle, and there are still some difficulties in the operation of the concrete operation because of the failure to make a thorough regulation on the specific operational norms. On the basis of this, the paper starts with the relevant direction of the practical work of the procuratorial organ, and puts forward corresponding opinions on how to optimize the new regulations of matching and how to rely on the system to carry out the work in the procuratorial aspect. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the current illegal evidence exclusion of the basic content and the various problems, the core problems belong to the specific definition of ambiguous problems, the corresponding application procedures are not clear, the second instance relief procedure is not perfect. The second part expounds the important role that the procuratorial organ plays to the rule of exclusion of illegal evidence, that is, curbing the production of illegal evidence and performing the supervisory power of the procuratorial organ, and points out that under the background of the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the anti-corruption efforts are strong. The differences in the rules of exclusion of illegal evidence applied by procuratorial organs to cases of duty crime and cases of non-duty crimes, that is, ordinary criminal cases, exist in specific cases. The third part is also the focus of the full text, respectively from the illegal evidence exclusion rules in duty crime cases and non-duty crime cases. Among them, the problems existing in the application of duty crime cases, the mode of handling cases, the psychological orientation and the way of obtaining evidence are all faced with challenges. Secondly, from the change of the concept of handling cases, the correct distinction between interrogation and inducement is made. Renew the case handling equipment and combine the procuratorial practice to perfect the concrete application of the system. In view of the specific application of the system in the relevant situations of non-official crimes, how to detect the actual existence of illegal evidence, how to exclude illegal verbal evidence, physical evidence, Other evidence derived from illegal evidence and corresponding suggestions for perfection. Finally, this paper introduces the application of illegal evidence exclusion in the trial stage, analyzes the problems existing in the procedure, and puts forward the significance of setting up the relief mechanism. Whether it is duty crime case or non-duty crime case, illegal evidence should be contained from the source, thoroughly applied and supervised, so that the rule of exclusion can run well, so as to realize the fight against crime and the protection of human rights.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2;D926.3

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