碳关税对我国出口贸易的影响及应对策略研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 06:18

本文关键词：碳关税对我国出口贸易的影响及应对策略研究　出处：《湖南工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,极端高温现象频出并伴有各种灾害,冰雪融化、海平面抬升等气候问题日益威胁着人类的生存与发展。科学界一致认为人类活动产生的温室气体排放促成了气候的变化,气候问题尤其是温室气体的排放问题逐渐成为全球关注的焦点,而温室气体排放问题中又尤以二氧化碳的排放备受关注。部分发达国家因担心碳泄漏以及本国产业的竞争力因此受到损害,以发展中国家未承担碳减排责任而导致发达国家产品竞争力下降等为由推出碳关税。碳关税一经推出,即在全球范围内受到广泛热议。大部分学者对碳关税持反对意见,认为碳关税在法律层面上违反了WTO相关规则,是不合法的;在控制碳排放量等方面也未起到显著作用,是发达国家为保护本国贸易提出的绿色贸易壁垒。对碳关税持支持态度的学者则认为碳关税有助于促使各国积极开展碳减排活动,有效抑制温室气体的排放,从而对环境恶化起到一定的减缓作用。本文将碳关税与WTO基本原则、《关贸总协定》(GATT)第1条、第3条及第20条序言、(b)款以及(g)款进行分析,总结出碳关税不一定违反WTO相关原则,相反,其在某些条件下还将符合WTO相关规则。碳关税或可援用GATT第20条之环境一般例外条款来论证其合法性。同时,本文还对我国的出口贸易现状以及能源的消费情况等方面展开分析,从而得出碳关税可能对中国出口贸易造成恶化出口环境、增加工业制造业产品出口的成本、引起出口额不同程度下降、促进产业结构优化升级、促进低碳经济的发展等方面的影响。并针对这些影响,从国际以及国内两个层面上提出我国应对碳关税措施所能采取的对策,以期对我国从容应对碳关税有所裨益。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the phenomenon of extreme high temperature and accompanied by frequent disasters, ice melt, sea level and climate is threatening the human survival and development. The scientific consensus that human produced greenhouse gas emissions contributed to climate change, climate issues especially the issue of greenhouse gas emissions has become the focus of global concern, and the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide emissions have attracted much attention. In some developed countries for fear of carbon leakage and undermining the competitiveness of domestic industries in developing countries, did not undertake the carbon emission reduction responsibility and the developed countries led to the decline in the competitiveness of products by introduction of carbon tariffs. Carbon tariffs once launched, in the world widely hot debate. Most scholars disagree on the carbon tariff, that carbon tariffs violated WTO rules in the legal level, is not legitimate In the control of carbon emissions; and did not play a significant role in developed countries to protect domestic trade of green trade barriers to support carbon tariffs. Scholars believe that carbon tariff will help promote countries actively carry out carbon emission reduction activities, effectively restrain the emission of greenhouse gas and thus to a certain slow down the deterioration of the environment. The carbon tariff and the basic principle of WTO, < GATT > (GATT) first, third and 20 of the preamble, paragraph (b) and (g) models were analyzed, summed up the carbon tariff is not necessarily a violation of WTO related principles, on the contrary, in some conditions the next will be in line with the rules of WTO. Carbon tariffs or using GATT twentieth environment exception clauses to demonstrate its legality. At the same time, the paper also on China's export trade situation and energy consumption and other aspects of analysis, in order to obtain carbon tariffs on May China's export trade caused by the deterioration of the export environment, increase industrial manufacturing exports cost caused by exports decreased to some extent, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, promote the development and influence of low carbon economy. And for these effects, put forward the countermeasures to take measures to deal with the carbon tariffs in China from the international and domestic two level, in order to benefit our country take time for carbon tariffs.

【学位授予单位】：湖南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D996.1;F752

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