多哈回合谈判TRIPS议题下的药品专利强制许可制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 11:17

本文关键词： TRIPS协议药品专利强制许可制度公共健康危机　出处：《南京财经大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来，针对公共健康危机在全球范围内的频频爆发，如何提高药品的可及性是解决问题的关键。TRIPS协议是全世界最具有影响力的知识产权条约，它所建立的高标准的药品专利保护制度严重影响到发展中国家的药品可及性。为解决该问题，发展中国家主张适用药品专利强制许可制度获取必需药品以应对公共健康危机。专利强制许可制度是各国专利制度的主要组成部分，它旨在防范专利垄断权的滥用，是保护公共利益的重要手段之一。TRIPS协议第31条关于专利强制许可的规定由于阻碍了发展中国家解决公共健康危机问题，受到社会各界的强烈谴责。多哈回合谈判使得TRIPS协议下的药品专利强制许可制度得到进一步完善，为发展中国家处理公共健康危机制造了更多灵活性的条件，，但是，药品专利强制许可制度本身及其实施仍有许多问题有待解决。无论是从法律实务的角度抑或是理论研究的角度来探讨药品专利强制许可制度，该制度并不通俗易懂并且极易引起争论。近年来国内外学者对该制度的研究已有小成，但并不精深。笔者站在前人肩膀上，试图采用历史的、比较的、实践的方法对药品专利强制许可制度作更为系统的研究。本文首先依据TRIPS协议第31条对专利强制许可制度的概念，特征以及类别做一简要分析，以便深入了解其框架下的药品专利强制许可制度；尔后依时间顺序通过对《多哈宣言》、“总理事会决议”、《议定书》相关条款以及三个文件之间内在联系的详细分析来深入了解药品专利强制许可制度的具体内容。在对整个药品专利强制许可制度进行分析后，以发达国家和发展中国家针对药品专利强制许可制度的不同立场为视角对该制度在实施中的问题做深度解析。笔者认为，发展中国家应当重视药品专利强制许可制度，并擅于将该制度作为一种威慑手段以解决公共健康问题。其次，全面审视发达国家和发展中国家的药品专利强制许可制度立法与实践，总结发达国家关于药品专利强制许可制度的共性和发展中国家关于药品专利强制许可制度的共性，并对二者进行比较评析。最后，以我国公共健康现状为切入点，回顾了我国药品专利强制许可制度发展的过程，并指出我国现行制度的不足。基于上述分析，笔者为完善我国现行药品专利强制许可制度提出了几点法律建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, in view of the frequent outbreak of public health crisis in the global scope, how to improve the accessibility of drugs is the key to solve the problem. Trips Agreement is the most influential intellectual property rights treaty in the world. The establishment of a high standard of drug patent protection system seriously affects the availability of medicines in developing countries. Developing countries advocate the application of compulsory licensing system to obtain essential drugs to cope with the public health crisis. The patent compulsory licensing system is the main component of patent systems in various countries. It aims to prevent the abuse of patent monopoly. Trips is one of the important means to protect the public interest. The provisions of Article 31 of trips Agreement on the compulsory licensing of patents hinder the developing countries from solving the public health crisis. By the strong condemnation of the community. The Doha Round of negotiations made the TRIPS agreement under the drug patent compulsory licensing system to be further improved. It creates more flexibility conditions for developing countries to deal with the public health crisis, but there are still many problems to be solved in the compulsory licensing system and its implementation. Whether from the perspective of legal practice or theoretical research to explore the compulsory licensing system of drug patents. The system is not easy to understand and easy to debate. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have done little to study the system, but not deep. The author stands on the shoulders of the predecessors, trying to adopt historical, comparative. The method of practice makes a more systematic study on the compulsory licensing system of drug patents. This paper firstly makes a brief analysis of the concept, characteristics and categories of the compulsory patent licensing system according to Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement, in order to understand the compulsory patent licensing system under its framework. The Doha Declaration, the General Council Resolution, was then adopted in chronological order. Detailed analysis of the relationship between the relevant articles of the Protocol and the three documents to understand the specific content of the drug patent compulsory licensing system. After the analysis of the entire drug patent compulsory licensing system. From the point of view of the different positions of developed countries and developing countries on the compulsory licensing system of drug patents, the author makes a deep analysis of the problems in the implementation of the system. Developing countries should attach importance to the compulsory licensing system of drug patents and be good at using it as a deterrent to solve public health problems. The legislation and practice of compulsory drug patent licensing system in developed and developing countries are reviewed in an all-round way. This paper summarizes the generality of the compulsory licensing system of drug patents in developed countries and the compulsory licensing system of drug patents in developing countries, and makes a comparative analysis of the two systems. Finally. Based on the current situation of public health in China, this paper reviews the process of the development of compulsory licensing system for drug patents in China, and points out the deficiencies of the current system in China. In order to improve the current drug patent compulsory licensing system, the author puts forward some legal suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.1

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