国际环境责任研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 23:11

本文关键词： 国际环境责任环境责任社会化国家责任　出处：《中国地质大学（北京）》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在全球化迅猛发展的今天,随着国际运输和现代化工业的提升,国际环境污染也日益严峻,除环境事故本身往往影响广泛,赔偿数额巨大外,与国内环境污染最大的区别就是跨国环境责任追究困难重重,这也直接制约了当前的国际经济交流。不同国家由于经济发展水平不同,对环保的要求也存在差异。更导致了某些环境诉求得不到合理支持。在当前国际环境责任显现出日益严重的趋势下,个人主体早已不能完全承担起国际环境责任的赔偿,而国际环境责任社会化也出现了覆盖不足的现象。因此,国际环境责任研究具有较强的理论和现实意义。本论文通过分析当前国际环境责任的承担方式以及私法化发展,结合国际环境侵权状况及相关理论发展实际,以解决跨国环境责任求偿的种种困境为出发点,重点研究对受害者权益的补偿问题。并根据国家责任理论,对污染者母国基于其属地管辖而苛加末位补充责任,进一步落实国际环境责任求偿。本文的主体结构包括四个部分。第一部分是国际环境责任的概述。第二部分是国际环境责任的承担现状,简述当前国际实践中是如何对国际环境责任进行承担的。第三部分是国际环境责任的私法化。对其当前发展的私法化趋势进行分析,肯定私法化是环境责任发展的必然,但又分析了其存在的一些缺陷。第四部分是构建国际环境责任体系。通过以上研究,笔者构建了“污染者个体——保险基金——国家”的国际环境责任承担体系,旨在解决加害人个体赔偿责任能力有限以及环境责任社会化覆盖面不足的问题,对向内负有管理职责的国家苛求末位责任承担的顺序,以保证国际环境责任的最终落实。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of globalization, with the promotion of international transportation and modern industry, international environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious, except environmental accidents themselves often have a wide impact, and the amount of compensation is huge. The biggest difference with domestic environmental pollution is the difficulties of transnational environmental responsibility investigation, which directly restricts the current international economic exchanges. Different countries have different levels of economic development. There are also differences in the requirements of environmental protection, which leads to the lack of reasonable support for some environmental demands. At present, the international environmental responsibility shows an increasingly serious trend. The individual subject has long been unable to fully shoulder the compensation of international environmental responsibility, and the socialization of international environmental responsibility has also appeared the phenomenon of inadequate coverage. Therefore, the study of international environmental responsibility has strong theoretical and practical significance. This paper through the analysis of the current international environmental responsibility and private law development, combined with the international environmental tort situation and the development of relevant theory and practice, in order to solve the plight of transnational environmental liability claims as the starting point. Focus on the issue of compensation for the rights and interests of victims, and according to the theory of State responsibility, the polluter's home country based on its territorial jurisdiction and add the last supplementary responsibility. The main body structure of this paper includes four parts. The first part is an overview of international environmental responsibility. The second part is the current situation of international environmental responsibility. The third part is the private law of international environmental responsibility. Affirmation of private law is the necessity of the development of environmental responsibility, but also analyzes some of its shortcomings. 4th part is to build an international environmental responsibility system. Through the above research. The author constructs the international environmental liability system of "polluter individual-insurance fund-state" in order to solve the problem of limited liability capacity of individual polluter and inadequate coverage of socialization of environmental liability. To ensure the final implementation of international environmental responsibility by demanding the order of final responsibility for countries with internal management responsibilities.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.9

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