国际贸易中的NPR-PPMS环境措施问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 02:28

本文关键词： 生产过程与生产方法环境措施可规制性　出处：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当今时代热议的主题是环境保护与自由贸易的关系问题，而基于与产品特性无关的生产过程与生产方法标准所采取的、影响国际自由贸易的各种环境措施（即NPR-PPMs环境措施）应否被纳入WTO进行合理规制，正是WTO贸易与环境议题中激烈争论的焦点之一。虽然，某些国家采取NPR-PPMs环境措施的真实意图或许是为了保护环境，但是由于它不关乎产品的最终特性（即产品本身并不会造成环境污染），而要求产品的生产过程与生产方法要满足较高的环境保护标准，，所以，在国际贸易中常常被具有技术优势的国家利用，以其较高的环境标准来限制国际贸易的自由化，从而具有被异化为一种新的绿色贸易壁垒的可能性。就目前的形势来看，NPR-PPMs环境措施对国际贸易自由化存在深刻影响，NPR-PPMs环境措施在不同层面具有不同的立法规定及实践，另外，与PR-PPMs不同的是，NPR-PPMs环境措施尚无WTO的确认与规制，其可规制性问题尚待研究。因此，研究NPR-PPMs环境措施对我国相关贸易政策的研究与制定具有极为重大的法律意义。本文将从以下四个部分加以阐述：第一部分是NPR-PPMs环境措施与国际贸易概述，目的在于明确研究对象，解决NPR-PPMs环境措施独立研究的价值问题。第二部分是NPR-PPMs环境措施的相关立法及案例剖析。一方面不同经济体之间就此问题存在单边立法差异；另一方面相关国际条约之间在此问题上也存在立法上的矛盾与差异。该部分是为了提出目前NPR-PPMs环境措施还没有统一的规制，为后文的研究奠定基础。第三部分是NPR-PPMs环境措施在国际贸易中的可规制性，回答为什么NPR-PPMs环境措施必须且可以纳入WTO中进行规制。第四部分是NPR-PPMs环境措施对中国的影响及中国的应对策略。对NPR-PPMs环境措施问题的研究，最终还是为了能为我国所用，既保护中国在国际贸易中不被NPR-PPMs环境措施消极影响，又能促进中国的对外贸易。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the hot topic is the relationship between environmental protection and free trade, which is based on the standard of production process and production method which is independent of product characteristics. Whether various environmental measures (i.e. NPR-PPMs environmental measures) that affect international free trade should be included in the WTO for reasonable regulation. Although the real intention of some countries to take NPR-PPMs environmental measures may be to protect the environment. However, it is not related to the final characteristics of the product (that is, the product itself will not cause environmental pollution, but the production process and production methods to meet the higher standards of environmental protection, so. Countries with technological advantages are often used in international trade to limit the liberalization of international trade with their high environmental standards. Therefore, it is possible to be alienated into a new green trade barrier. From the current situation, NPR-PPMs environmental measures have a profound impact on the liberalization of international trade. NPR-PPMs environmental measures have different legislative provisions and practices at different levels. In addition, unlike PR-PPMs, there is no confirmation and regulation of WTO environmental measures. The problem of its regulability remains to be studied. The study of NPR-PPMs environmental measures is of great legal significance to the research and formulation of China's related trade policies. The first part is an overview of NPR-PPMs environmental measures and international trade, the purpose of which is to clarify the object of study and to solve the value of independent research on NPR-PPMs environmental measures. The second part is related legislation and case analysis of NPR-PPMs environmental measures. On the one hand, there are unilateral legislative differences among different economies on this issue; On the other hand, there are also contradictions and differences in legislation between the relevant international treaties. This part is to propose that there is no unified regulation of NPR-PPMs environmental measures at present. To lay the foundation for the later study. The third part is about the regulability of NPR-PPMs environmental measures in international trade, which answers why NPR-PPMs environmental measures must and can be regulated in WTO. The 4th part is the impact of NPR-PPMs environmental measures on China and China's coping strategy. The study of NPR-PPMs environmental measures is in order to be used in China. It can not only protect China from the negative influence of NPR-PPMs environmental measures in international trade, but also promote China's foreign trade.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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