气候变化的国际法规则的发展

发布时间：2018-01-26 06:02

本文关键词： 气候变化《气候变化框架公约》法律制度法律对策　出处：《苏州大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前，，气候变化问题已经严重威胁着人类的生存和发展，这是全球面临的最严重的环境保护问题。气候变化是指由于人类的活动所释放出的温室气体增加而引起的全球气候变暖，这给人类和动植物的生存发展带来了深重的影响。各国家已认识到该问题的严重性，采取积极的措施应对此问题，协商讨论控制温室气体减排的措施。本文的目的是通过分析应对气候变化的国际法律文件的成果和不足，借鉴其他国家的相关立法经验，探讨如何完善我国应对气候变化的法律体系。首先、介绍了全球的气候变化的具体状况。现如今的气候变暖的速率如此之快主要是由人类发展经济活动，大量燃烧化石燃料所引起的。全球气候变暖给人类的生产生活和动植物的生存带来了严重的影响。主要表现为海平面上升、农作物减产、水资源短缺、生态系统发生了变化和极端气候频繁发生。减少温室气体的排放已经刻不容缓。其次、全球气候变暖已经引起了国际社会上的重视，在各个国家的共同努力下，国际上开始以召开全球气候变化大会这种形式来协商解决控制温室气体排放这一问题。会议通过了《气候变化框架公约》、《京都议定书》、形成了“巴厘岛路线图”和《哥本哈根协议》等国际法律文件。这些国际法律文件对于减少温室气体的排放起到了重要的作用。确定了应对气候变化的基本原则和三种灵活的减排机制，明确了各国国家的减排责任，对于提供的资金和技术都有了相关的承诺。但是仍然存在不足，难以达成具有法律约束力的文件，减排目标过小等。再次，分析了发达国家和地区的美国、欧盟，我国的邻国日本，和同为发展中国家的印度他们在应对气候变暖所采取的相关立法和政策。他们主要是通过制定相关的能源法，可再生能源法，能源单行法来减少温室气体的排放。最后，我国没有专门应对气候变化的法律，主要是通过能源法来实现温室气体的减排，相关的立法体系还不健全。法律规定过于原则化，操作性不强；责任和义务不配套；没有及时实现国际法向国内法的转化。我国应通过吸收和借鉴国际立法与国外相关气候变化政策与立法的有益经验，构建和完善我国应对气候变化的法律制度，在国际上承担起我国应有责任，发挥我国在国际上的影响力。
[Abstract]:At present, the problem of climate change has seriously threatened the survival and development of mankind. This is the most serious environmental protection problem facing the world. Climate change is the global warming caused by the increase in greenhouse gases released by human activities. This has had a profound impact on the survival and development of human beings and animals and plants. Countries have recognized the seriousness of the problem and have taken active measures to deal with it. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the achievements and shortcomings of international legal documents dealing with climate change and to learn from the relevant legislative experiences of other countries. This paper discusses how to perfect our country's legal system to deal with climate change. First of all, the specific state of global climate change is described. Today, the rate of global warming is so rapid that economic activities are mainly developed by human beings. Global warming has brought serious impacts on human life and the survival of animals and plants. It is mainly reflected in sea level rise, crop yield reduction and water shortage. Ecosystems have changed and extreme weather has occurred frequently. It is urgent to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Secondly, global warming has aroused the attention of the international community, under the joint efforts of various countries. The international community began to hold a global climate change conference to negotiate and solve the problem of greenhouse gas emissions control. The conference adopted the Framework Convention on Climate change and the Kyoto Protocol. Formed the Bali Road Map. These international legal documents have played an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The basic principles for combating climate change and three flexible emission reduction mechanisms have been established. It clarifies the responsibility of each country to reduce emissions, and has relevant commitments on the financing and technology provided. But there are still some shortcomings, such as the difficulty of reaching a legally binding document, the low emission reduction target and so on. Third, the analysis of developed countries and regions of the United States, the European Union, China's neighboring Japan. And India, which is also a developing country, has adopted legislation and policies to deal with climate change. They are mainly through the enactment of relevant energy laws, renewable energy laws. Energy alone to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, China does not have a special climate change law, mainly through the energy law to achieve greenhouse gas emission reduction, the relevant legislative system is not perfect, the legal provisions are too principled, not operational; Responsibility and obligation do not match; Our country should absorb and learn from the beneficial experience of international legislation and relevant climate change policies and legislation abroad to construct and perfect our legal system to deal with climate change. We should shoulder our responsibilities internationally and exert our influence in the world.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.9

【参考文献】