国际合同统一私法比较优势的实证研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 21:35

本文关键词： 国际合同统一私法冲突法规范国际统一私法协会欧盟统一私法　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国际合同统一私法，是国际合同领域的统一实体法律规范，其历史渊源可以追溯到罗马万民法。20世纪后，许多国际组织积极从事国际合同统一私法的编纂和修订，制定出大量的国际合同统一私法。国际合同统一私法取得进展的根本原因是世界经济的发展对统一私法产生了更多的需求。国际合同统一私法相对于冲突法规范有很多优越性。冲突法规范的主要缺陷包括：降低国际贸易中当事人对法律行为后果的可预见性；适用冲突法规范未必可以实现国际合同法律关系中的实体正义；在适用准据法上存在一定困难；冲突法规范最终找到的准据法是国内法。统一冲突法规范是冲突法规范发展的高级形态，但仍未能超越冲突法规范自身的局限。国际合同统一私法相对于冲突法规范的优越性主要体现在：提高当事人对法律行为后果的可预见性；统一私法可以直接对实体正义进行追求；统一私法的适用相对便捷和确定；统一私法对权利义务的安排符合跨国法律关系的需要。国际合同统一私法是专门针对国际合同的性质和特点而制定和编篡的，，直接规定了国际合同当事人的权利和义务。国际合同统一私法应该满足程序正当的要求。国际统一私法协会完善而成熟的组织框架、运作过程、立法环节和后续推广为从事统一私法研究与制定的组织提供了榜样，并且已经成功制定和推行了许多具有影响力的国际合同统一私法。在统一私法领域，迄今为止取得的最显著的成就是欧盟统一私法的实践。分析欧盟统一私法成功的原因对统一私法实效研究具有重要的借鉴意义。在历史发展过程中，欧盟各国之间的文化交流为共同的正义法律理念播下种子；跨国交往使国际性问题日益独立于国内问题，并产生了大量的习惯法；民族融合使各国的差异进一步的减少；经济的发展构成了统一私法发展的根本动力。在这样的社会基础之上，利用共同的法律概念追求共同的正义理念，使得欧盟统一私法的进程较为顺利。分析国际统一私法协会和欧盟统一私法的成功原因，对统一私法具有重要的启示意义。统一私法需要正当的立法程序、各国代表的充分参与、对各国实际情况的充分考量，并在内容上满足国际法律关系的需要。目前比较适合统一私法的争端解决机制是仲裁制度。中国应该顺应时代潮流积极推动统一私法的发展，在统一私法的制定过程中积极发挥能动作用。国际统一私法代表着广阔的法律服务市场空间。法律人应该主动走到法律研究和法律实践的前沿，推动统一私法理论和实践的发展。
[Abstract]:The unification of private law in international contracts is a unified substantive legal norm in the field of international contracts. Its historical origin can be traced back to the Roman law of peoples after the 20th century. Many international organizations are actively engaged in the codification and revision of private law for the unification of international contracts. The fundamental reason for the development of international contract unification private law is that the development of the world economy has more demand for the unification of private law. There are many advantages in the unification of private law of international contracts over the norms of conflict of laws. The main defects of the norms of conflict of laws include: reducing the predictability of the legal consequences of the parties in international trade; The application of conflict of laws norms may not be able to achieve substantive justice in the legal relationship of international contracts; There are some difficulties in the application of applicable law; The applicable law of conflict of laws is domestic law. The uniform conflict of law is the advanced form of the development of conflict of law, but it still fails to exceed the limitation of conflict of law itself. The superiority of the international contract unification private law in relation to the conflict of laws is mainly reflected in: improving the predictability of the parties to the consequences of the legal act; The unification of private law can directly pursue substantive justice; The application of the United private law is relatively convenient and definite; The arrangement of rights and obligations in the United private law meets the needs of transnational legal relations. The United private law of international contracts is specially formulated and codified according to the nature and characteristics of international contracts. It directly stipulates the rights and obligations of the parties to an international contract. The Unification of Private Law of International contracts should meet the requirements of due process. The International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (Unidroit) has a perfect and mature organizational framework and operation process. The legislative process and subsequent promotion provide an example for organizations engaged in the research and development of the United private law, and have successfully formulated and implemented many influential international contract unifying private law. In the field of uniform private law. So far, the most remarkable achievement has been the practice of unifying private law in the European Union. It is of great significance to analyze the reasons for the success of the Unification of Private Law in the course of historical development. The cultural exchange among the EU countries sowed the seeds for the common concept of justice and law; Transnational communication makes international issues increasingly independent of domestic issues and produces a large number of customary laws. National integration further reduces the differences between countries; The economic development constitutes the fundamental motive force for the development of the United private law. On the basis of this social foundation, the common legal concept is used to pursue the common justice concept, which makes the process of the EU unification of private law more smooth. The analysis of the successful reasons of Unidroit and EU Unification Private Law is of great significance to the Unification of Private Law, which requires due legislative process and full participation of representatives of various countries. Considering the actual situation of each country and satisfying the need of international legal relations in content, the dispute settlement mechanism suitable for the unification of private law at present is arbitration system. China should comply with the trend of the times and actively promote the development of private law. The international unified private law represents a broad market space for legal services. The legal person should take the initiative to go to the forefront of legal research and legal practice. To promote the development of the theory and practice of unifying private law.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997

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