港口国措施对治理IUU捕捞的有效性及《港口国措施协定》对我国的影响分析

发布时间：2018-01-27 08:13

本文关键词： IUU捕捞港口国措施有效性渔业管理　出处：《上海海洋大学学报》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：IUU捕捞严重阻碍了有效的渔业资源管理和养护。治理IUU捕捞需在诸多环节付出努力,其中港口国措施通过消除或减少IUU渔获物的上岸机会来治理IUU捕捞,2016年生效的《港口国措施协定》为各国采取港口国措施提供了国际法依据。本文分析了《港口国措施协定》的主要内容以及有关国家和区域渔业管理组织已采取的相关措施。在此基础上,分析了港口国措施的有效性及其局限性,其有效性主要是可以减少IUU捕捞活动的发生,提高发现IUU捕捞的可能性,弥补船旗国管辖的不足;局限性主要是很多国家的执行能力不足将导致短期内港口国措施难以有效实施,而且协定并未对渔获物可追溯信息做出规定,致使在港口确认IUU捕捞行为面临困难。对我国而言,港口国措施可降低悬挂我国旗帜的船舶从事或支持IUU捕捞的可能性,加入协定可促进健全我国捕捞监督管理体系;但我国采取港口国措施将面临港口监管体系、渔业监督体系的全面改革的挑战,以及港口国措施的能力建设的挑战。
[Abstract]:IUU fishing seriously hinders the effective management and conservation of fishery resources. Port State measures control IUU fishing by eliminating or reducing landing opportunities for IUU catches. The Agreement on Port State measures, which entered into force on 2016, provides a basis for international law for the adoption of port State measures by States. The main contents of the Agreement on Port State measures and the relevant States and regional fisheries management organizations are analyzed in this paper. Relevant measures taken. On this basis. This paper analyzes the effectiveness and limitation of port state measures, which can reduce the occurrence of IUU fishing activities, improve the possibility of discovering IUU fishing, and make up for the deficiency of flag state jurisdiction. The main limitations are that inadequate enforcement capacity in many countries will make it difficult to effectively implement port State measures in the short term and that the Agreement does not provide for traceability of catch information. As a result, it is difficult to confirm IUU fishing in ports. For our country, port state measures can reduce the possibility of vessels flying the flag of our country to engage in or support IUU fishing. Accession to the Agreement can promote the improvement of China's fishing supervision and management system; However, China will face the challenges of the comprehensive reform of the port supervision system, the fishery supervision system and the capacity building of the port state measures.
【作者单位】：上海海洋大学海洋文化与法律学院;
【基金】：农业部渔政管理专项(Q244)
【分类号】：D993.5
【正文快照】： IUU捕捞(非法、不报告和不管制捕捞)加剧过度捕捞,威胁渔业可持续发展,阻碍鱼类种群以及生态系统的恢复,使得合法作业的渔民处于不利的地位,已成为渔业管理的全球性难题。据统计,IUU捕捞渔获量达1 100~2 600万吨[1],占全球总渔获量的19%,全球重要鱼类的总捕捞量的30%来源于IUU

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