反倾销归零法研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 22:47

本文关键词： 归零法反倾销倾销　出处：《安徽财经大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：反倾销作为多边贸易体制允许的贸易救济手段,目的在于抵制倾销造成的损害,维护正常的国际贸易秩序。然而进口国出于本国利益考虑,往往倾向于借反倾销为由实行贸易保护,但是采取反倾销措施的前提是确定倾销的存在,而由于倾销幅度计算过程的技术性及国际反倾销法律规制缺乏明文规定,反倾销当局在认定倾销的过程中具有很大的自由裁量权,因此进口国通常在计算倾销幅度以认定倾销是否存在的过程中采用某些特殊计算方法或步骤,以期夸大倾销幅度,达到实施反倾销措施的目的,归零法就是欧美在此过程中惯用的手段之一。归零法因将正常价值低于出口价格这部分产品的负倾销差额归为零,使其排除在产品整体倾销幅度计算中而得名,具体运用于加权平均对加权平均、交易对交易及加权平均对交易三种倾销幅度计算方法中。归零法的运用会人为扩大倾销幅度,增加产品被认定为倾销的可能,并导致反倾销税征收比例提高,实际影响到出口国的利益,也因此引发了诸多争端,争论的焦点就是归零法的合法性。争端解决机构通过解决归零法争端案件,对其合法性做出裁定,但GATT时代,由于《反倾销守则》的模糊规定,专家组肯定了归零法的合法性；而发展到WTO时期,《反倾销协定》关于正常价值与出口价格间比较方法及“公平比较”的规定及举证责任分配的变化,上诉机构及专家组从裁定归零法具体做法违法开始,到裁定归零法本身违法,全面否定了归零法的合法性。但限于反倾销法律并未明确禁止归零法及通过谈判修改《反倾销协定》及争端解决机制以禁止归零法涉及各国利益妥协,短期内不可能实现,因此归零法在WTO体制内将长期存在。中国作为连续16年遭受反倾销调查最多的国家,在此过程中也是欧共体及美国的归零法的受害者。作为最大的出口国,归零法增加倾销认定可能,提高反倾销税征收比例,抑制了中国产品的出口,严重打击了国内产业的发展。但由于中国出口结构及竞争方式的不合理,以及应对反倾销归零法经验、人才缺乏,态度消极,增加了应对的难度,笔者从上述方面出发,对中国应对归零法的立场及策略提出建议。
[Abstract]:Anti-dumping, as a trade remedy allowed by the multilateral trading system, aims to resist the damage caused by dumping and maintain the normal international trade order. Trade protection is often taken on the grounds of anti-dumping, but the premise of taking anti-dumping measures is to determine the existence of dumping. Due to the technical nature of the calculation of dumping margin and the lack of explicit provisions in the international anti-dumping legal regulation, the anti-dumping authorities have great discretion in the process of determining dumping. Therefore, importing countries usually use some special calculation methods or steps in the process of calculating dumping margin to determine whether dumping exists, in order to exaggerate dumping margin and achieve the purpose of implementing anti-dumping measures. The method of returning to zero is one of the usual methods used in Europe and America in this process. The method of returning to zero is named after the negative dumping difference of the part of products whose normal value is lower than the export price, which makes it excluded from the calculation of the overall dumping margin of the product, and is applied to the weighted average weighted average. In the three methods of calculating dumping margin of transaction and weighted average, the application of zero method will artificially expand dumping margin, increase the possibility that the product is considered as dumping, and lead to an increase in the proportion of anti-dumping duty collection. The actual impact on the interests of exporting countries has also led to many disputes, the focus of controversy is the legitimacy of the zeroing law. The dispute settlement body makes a ruling on the legality of the zero-law disputes through the settlement of the zero-law dispute cases. However, in the era of GATT, due to the vague provisions of the Anti-dumping Code, the Group of experts affirmed the legitimacy of the zeroing law; In the period of WTO, the provisions of "fair comparison" between normal value and export price and the change of burden of proof in the Anti-Dumping Agreement. The appellate body and the panel of experts begin by ruling that the specific practice of zeroing law is illegal, and then rule that the zeroing law itself is illegal. It completely negates the legality of the zeroing law, but it is not explicitly prohibited by anti-dumping law and the negotiation of amending the Anti-dumping Agreement and the dispute settlement mechanism so as to prohibit the Law from returning to Zero, which involves the compromise of the interests of all countries. It is impossible to achieve in the short term, so return to zero method will exist in WTO system for a long time. China, as the country that suffered the most anti-dumping investigations for 16 consecutive years, is also the victim of the zeroing law of the EC and the United States in the process. As the largest exporter, the return to zero law increases the possibility of dumping determination. To increase the proportion of anti-dumping duty collection has restrained the export of Chinese products and seriously hit the development of domestic industry. However, due to the unreasonable export structure and competitive mode of China, and the experience in dealing with anti-dumping to zero law. The lack of talents and negative attitude increase the difficulty of coping. From the above aspects, the author puts forward some suggestions on the position and strategy of China's response to zero law.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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