外层空间利用法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 00:32

本文关键词： 外层空间利用法律外层空间法　出处：《兰州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：第二次世界大战末期,纳粹德国研制成功了V-2导弹,这可以视为人类宇航工业的发端。“二战”后,人类宇航工业得到了突飞猛进的发展,1957年前苏联将世界上首颗人造地球卫星送上了太空,1969年7月美国宇航局“阿波罗11”号成功将宇航员送上了月球,“阿尔法”国际空间站经过数年建设已具相当的规模。等等。伴随着世界各国宇航事业的蓬勃发展,外层空间的利用日益受到国际社会的关注,将外层空间的利用法律化现已成为这一领域的主要趋势。为了规范各国发射宇航器及利用外层空间的行为,在联合国主导下,先后制定了一些外层空间的法律制度：(1)1966年《关于各国探索和利用外层空间包括月球和其他天体的活动的原则条约》(简称《外层空间条约》)；(2)1968年《营救宇航员、送回宇航员和归还发射到外层空间的物体的协定》(简称《营救协定》)；(3)1972年《空间物体造成损害的赔偿责任公约》(简称《责任公约》)；(4)1975年《关于登记射入外层空间物体的公约》(简称《登记公约》);(5)《指导各国在月球上和其他天体上活动的协定》(简称《月球协定》)。这些条约或协定对人类宇航的事实、人类在外层空间的活动、各国对外层空间利用将承担的国际法责任作了一个概况的说明,在一定意义上对全人类的宇航实业起到了较好的规范作用。但是,随着科技的进步、经济的发展,其中很多规定已不合时宜。从国际法的角度,外层空间是全人类的共同财产,人类应在公平状态下、在各国综合实力的均衡上合理地利用外层空间,以期对各国经济、科技及社会的发展发挥积极作用。但是,现实状况是,目前的外层空间条约中德规定过于抽象化,很多内容只是一些原则性的规定,其执行力较弱：各国对外层空间利用的主张不一,阻碍了原本就脆弱的国际外层空间法；各国科技力量悬殊,外层空间几乎成为了科技强国和经济强国的“私有财产”。外层空间不属于任何一个国家所有,人类的外空活动具有全球性质,本着维护各国和兼顾发展中国家的利益,本文旨在通过国际对话、国家合作、完善充实现有的外空条约、制定新的统一外空法、加强外空活动管理机构的职能,期待对利用外层空间的行为进行有效规制提供有意义的建议和措施。在以上论述和分析的基础上,对我国外空立法提出合理化意见和建议。
[Abstract]:At the end of the second World War, Nazi Germany successfully developed the V-2 missile, which can be regarded as the beginning of the human space industry. After World War II, the human space industry developed by leaps and bounds. In 1957, the Soviet Union sent the world's first man-made earth satellite into space, and in July 1969 NASA's Apollo 11 successfully landed astronauts on the moon. The Alpha International Space Station has been built on a considerable scale over the years. With the vigorous development of spaceflight all over the world, the use of outer space has been paid more and more attention by the international community. The legalization of the use of outer space has now become a major trend in this field... in order to regulate the conduct of States in the launching of space vehicles and the use of outer space, under the auspices of the United Nations. The Treaty on principles governing the activities of States in the Exploration and use of Outer Space, including the Moon and other Celestial bodies, of 1966; Agreement on the Rescue of astronauts, the return of astronauts and the return of objects launched into Outer Space, of 1968 (for short, the Rescue Agreement); 1972 Convention on liability for damage caused by Space objects (abbreviated as the liability Convention); Convention on Registration of objects launched into Outer Space of 1975 (abbreviated to the Registration Convention); Agreement governing the activities of States on the Moon and other Celestial bodies (referred to as the Moon Agreement). These treaties or agreements are relevant to the fact of human space navigation and the activities of mankind in outer space. States have provided an overview of their responsibilities under international law for the use of outer space, which, in a sense, has played a better normative role in aerospace industry for all mankind. However, with the progress of science and technology. Economic development, many of which were anachronistic, was not appropriate. From the point of view of international law, outer space was the common heritage of all mankind, and humanity should be in a state of equity. The rational use of outer space in the balance of the overall strength of States with a view to playing a positive role in the economic, scientific and social development of States... however, the reality is that. The German provisions of the current outer space treaties were too abstract and many of them were only principled provisions whose implementation was weak: States had different views on the use of outer space. Hinders the already fragile nature of international outer space law; As a result, outer space has become the "private property" of scientific and technological powers and economic powers. Outer space is not owned by any one country, and the outer space activities of mankind are of a global nature. With the aim of safeguarding the interests of all countries and taking into account the interests of developing countries, the purpose of this paper is to improve and enrich the existing outer space treaties through international dialogue and national cooperation, to formulate a new unified outer space law and to strengthen the functions of outer space activities management bodies. It is expected that effective regulation of the use of outer space will provide meaningful advice and measures. On the basis of the above discussion and analysis, the paper puts forward some reasonable opinions and suggestions on our country's outer space legislation.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D999.1

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