区域渔业组织实施配额制度的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-07 17:03

本文关键词： 渔业配额制度区域渔业组织内涵构成要件对策建议　出处：《中国海洋大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：过度捕捞、环境污染使得渔业资源严重衰退。传统管理手段面对现实难题显得束手无策。在这一背景中，渔业配额制度应运而生。配额制度是以渔业资源的最大可持续生产量为依据、限制捕捞量的产出管理模式，现已成为国际共识，在国际法层面取得了长足的发展，其中区域渔业组织的协议和资源养护公约成为国际范围内落实配额制度的核心法律文件。为了化解矛盾，养护资源，区域渔业组织迅猛发展。但事物的前进发展都不是一帆风顺的。区域组织运行配额制度也有诸多问题。本文围绕上述内容层层递进剖析，通过详述区域组织配额制度，分析其中的必要性和可行性，进而指出问题并提出对策。文章共分五章。第一章论述了配额制度的发生背景。过度捕捞导致渔业资源严重衰退。与此同时，环境污染也加剧了资源危机。已有的传统管理手段束手无策。人类开始转向新型管理思路，更多的努力和思考直指渔获量。于是配额制度应运而生。第二章系统论述了配额制度的内涵和法律特征。配额制度是以渔业资源的最大可持续生产量为依据，限制其捕捞量的产出式管理模式，现已成为国际共识，在国际法层面取得了长足发展。以时间和内容为依据，其发展可以分为三个阶段，即《联合国海洋法公约》、全球性国际条约的制定和区域组织法律文件广泛颁布。第三章以区域组织为视角实证分析配额制度的构成要件。配额制度共分为四个部分。即确定总可捕量、分配配额、配额交易和配额监管。其中，总可捕量的确定是基础，配额分配是重点，配额交易和监管是保障。第四章深入分析区域组织运行配额制度的必要性和可行性。首先，国际合作是渔业管理的必由之路。但全球性公约过于原则和抽象。众所周知，渔业资源区域特色鲜明，内生性的要求区域组织统筹实施本区域的资源管理，通过具体问题具体解决提高制度的可行性和制度效率。第二，区域组织的初衷是养护渔业资源，其职能可以承载配额制度运行。第三，过往的合作实践为区域组织运行该项制度积累了丰富的经验。上述因素为配额制度在区域范围内运行奠定了扎实的理论和实践基础。第五章分析区域组织运行配额制度过程中存在的问题并提出相应对策。问题一系总可捕量的评估偏离实际。对此，需要综合把握系统性、信息性、预测性和可行性原则确定合理的总可捕量。问题二系成员国对配额分配存在异议。对此，需严格遵循以义务履行称量权利获取的原则、准确理解共同但有区别的养护责任、优化争端解决机制来最终解决配额的分配。问题三系监管存在漏洞。对此，需要完善相关立法，加强国际合作，综合运用经济杠杆和行政手段打击非法捕捞。总之，问题解决的核心指导思想是尊重客观规律，秉持公正合理的管理理念，，具体问题具体分析，综合运用法律、行政等手段解决机制运行的相关问题。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the contradiction and conserve resources , regional fishery organizations have developed rapidly . In order to resolve conflicts and conserve resources , regional fishery organizations have developed rapidly . However , there are many problems in the development of regional organizations . In order to solve the contradiction and conserve resources , regional fishery organizations have developed rapidly . The article is divided into five chapters . Chapter One discusses the background of quota system . Overfishing results in a severe recession of fishery resources . At the same time , environmental pollution has intensified the resource crisis . The existing traditional management methods have been helpless . Human beings have begun to turn to new management ideas , more effort and thinking about the catch . In chapter 2 , the connotation and legal characteristics of quota system are discussed . The quota system is based on the maximum sustainable production of fishery resources , and it has become an international consensus . It has been developed in international law . Its development can be divided into three stages , namely , the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea , the development of global international treaties and the extensive promulgation of regional organization law documents . Chapter 3 shows the constitutive elements of quota system based on regional organization . The quota system is divided into four parts . The quota system is divided into four parts . Chapter four analyzes the necessity and feasibility of regional organization ' s operation quota system . First , international cooperation is the only way for fishery management . But global conventions are too principled and abstract . The fifth chapter analyzes the problems existing in the process of quota system of regional organizations and puts forward corresponding countermeasures .

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.5;F326.4

【引证文献】