自由贸易协定中的保障措施探究

发布时间：2018-02-08 09:19

本文关键词： 保障措施自由贸易协定贸易救济　出处：《中国政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为和WTO所倡导的多边贸易体制相抗衡的双边贸易体制的产物，以自由贸易区为主要代表的区域贸易安排近年来逐渐兴起。伴随着《中国－哥斯达黎加自由贸易协定》于2011年8月1日正式生效，我国已经参与缔结了十个自由贸易协定。而在自由贸易协定的缔结过程中，贸易救济措施，特别是其中保障措施如何安排一直是众人关注的重点。本文即从自由贸易协定中的保障措施出发，对我国现阶段订立的自由贸易协定中的保障措施进行系统分析，进而提出构建我国自由贸易协定保障条款的建议。本文主要分为三个部分。第一部分对于自由贸易协定中的保障措施进行介绍，对于在区域经济一体化背景下不同的自由贸易协定对于保障措施的不同安排进行探讨，分为全球保障措施和双边保障措施两个部分。第二部分集中讨论自由贸易协定中的保障措施在WTO框架下的合法性问题，主要涉及GATT第24条与WTO法律框架下的紧张关系和实践中WTO专家小组和上诉机构所创设的平行性原则两个方面。而文章的最后一个部分集中探讨我国参与的自由贸易协定中有关保障措施的具体安排，将我国现阶段所参与的自由贸易协定分为三类，按类别逐一讨论，而对于我国最早签订的中国－东盟自由贸易协定进行特别关注，也可嗅出我国之后所签订的自由贸易协定保障措施如此安排的原因。进行此探讨分析的目的似为我国今后构建自由贸易协定保障措施条款所提供建议参考。我国现阶段参与的自由贸易协定大多与发展中国家缔结，缺乏与发达国家之间进行自由贸易谈判的机会，而相较于具备多年自由贸易协定谈判经验的发达国家而言，我国在自由贸易协定缔结方面尚显稚嫩，如何在谈判中利用保障措施维护自己的经济利益，对于因加入WTO而做出的贸易让步进行最大程度的规避，最大程度地利用自由贸易协定参与国际间或区域间的经济贸易安排，实为我国现阶段参与自由贸易协定谈判进行保障措施安排所应该考量的重点。同时，作为发展中大国，在同其他发展中国家进行自由贸易协定缔结和实践的过程中，，如何恪守自由贸易协定下的既定义务，避免南方共同市场被少数大国操纵的覆辙，也是我国现阶段所应该加以注意的。
[Abstract]:As a product of the bilateral trading system that competes with the multilateral trading system advocated by the WTO, Regional trade arrangements, mainly represented by free trade zones, have been emerging in recent years. Along with the entry into force of the Free Trade Agreement between China and Costa Rica on August 1st 2011, Our country has participated in the conclusion of ten free trade agreements. And in the process of concluding free trade agreements, trade relief measures, In particular, how to arrange the safeguard measures has always been the focus of attention. This paper, proceeding from the safeguard measures in the free trade agreements, makes a systematic analysis of the safeguards measures in the free trade agreements concluded by our country at this stage. And then put forward the proposal of constructing the safeguard clause of our free trade agreement. This paper is mainly divided into three parts. The first part introduces the safeguard measures in free trade agreements, and discusses the different arrangements of different free trade agreements for safeguard measures in the context of regional economic integration. The second part focuses on the legality of safeguards in free trade agreements under the framework of WTO. It mainly deals with the tension between Article 24 of GATT and the legal framework of WTO and the principle of parallelism created by the panel of experts of WTO and the appellate body in practice. The last part of the article focuses on the free trade in which China participates. Specific arrangements relating to safeguards in the Exchange Agreement, The free trade agreements to which China is a party at this stage are divided into three categories, discussed one by one by category, and special attention is paid to the China-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement, which was first signed by China. It is also possible to sniff out the reasons why the safeguard measures of the free trade agreements signed by China are so arranged. The purpose of this discussion and analysis seems to provide a reference for China to construct the safeguard measures of free trade agreements in the future. Most of the free trade agreements in which China is participating at this stage are concluded with developing countries, lacking opportunities for free trade negotiations with developed countries, compared with developed countries with many years of experience in free trade agreements negotiations. China is still young in the conclusion of free trade agreements, how to use safeguard measures to protect its economic interests in the negotiations, and to avoid the trade concessions made by China's accession to the WTO to the greatest extent. Maximizing the use of free trade agreements to participate in international or interregional economic and trade arrangements is indeed the focus of our country's consideration of safeguards arrangements for participating in the free trade agreement negotiations at this stage... at the same time, as a major developing country, In the process of concluding and implementing free trade agreements with other developing countries, how to adhere to established obligations under free trade agreements and to avoid the fate of Mercosur being manipulated by a small number of major Powers, Also should pay attention to at present stage of our country.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996

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