国家管辖豁免立法的比较研究及对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-02-10 22:30

本文关键词： 国家管辖豁免商业交易侵权行为自愿接受管辖仲裁协议　出处：《外交学院》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国家管辖豁免是国家主权豁免的一个方面,是指一个国家的行为及其财产免受外国法院的司法管辖。国家豁免问题会影响国家与私人利益的平衡,影响国际贸易的发展,影响国家之间的关系,必须妥善处理。目前,许多国家纷纷颁布专门法律,为本国法院行使管辖权提供指导和依据;联合国也通过了一项专门的公约,以便减少各国之间的分歧,统一国家实践。为了应对公约的生效,保护国家、私人的利益,我国必须制订一部专门法律。本文在分析管辖豁免一般理论问题的基础上,研究英美、欧洲大陆国家的立法与实践以及联合国公约的规定,并结合我国以往的态度和现今的国情提出我国立法应采取的立场。文章第一部分阐述了国家管辖豁免的概念以及限制豁免与绝对豁免两种理论的含义及产生原因,并重点对限制豁免理论的支持与反对意见进行分析,提出限制豁免理论将成为国际发展趋势,并且符合发展中国家的利益;而后又讨论了限制豁免所采取的模式,为我国立法提供参考。第二部分挑选商业交易、侵权行为、自愿接受管辖三个复杂而重要的非管辖豁免事项作为研究对象,详细介绍了美国、英国法律的相关规定,并列举一些案例加以解释和证明;在一些重要问题上还简单介绍了欧洲大陆国家的做法,与美英国家的做法进行对比并做出评论;另外,在上述非管辖豁免事项上都讨论了几个与之有关的现实问题。第三部分与第二部分的体例基本相同,就商业交易、侵权行为、自愿接受管辖和仲裁协议四个问题,探讨了公约的规定并分析其合理性,以便我国立法符合公约的要求并力求更加完善。第四部分是本文的重点。首先介绍了我国以往在国家豁免问题上的实践,包括理论界的态度、司法实践、外交实践与零散的立法规定,指出我国曾坚持绝对豁免理论,但已有向限制豁免转变的趋势。而后分析了我国通过制订一部专门法律彻底转变立场,从而执行公约规定、保护私人利益的必要性。最后,根据前文的对比分析、评论提出我国在立法时应当采取的立场,尤其是在商业交易、侵权行为、自愿接受管辖和仲裁协议等非管辖豁免事项上的具体规定。
[Abstract]:Under the jurisdiction of the state immunity is one aspect of the sovereign immunity, refers to the behavior and property of a country from foreign court jurisdiction. State immunity will affect the state and private interests balance, influence the development of international trade, the relationship between countries, must be handled properly. At present, many countries have issued special the law, for the national court to exercise the jurisdiction to provide guidance and basis; the United Nations passed a special convention, in order to reduce the difference between countries, the practice of national unity. In order to deal with the force, convention to protect the country, private interests, our country must formulate a special law. Based on the general theory of jurisdiction immunity analysis, research and practice of legislation of Anglo American, European countries and the United Nations Convention, combined with our previous and present situation of attitude in our country The position of law should be taken.
The first part describes the concept of jurisdictional immunity and restrictive immunity and absolute immunity theory of two kinds of meanings and reasons, and focus on the analysis of support and opposition to restrictive immunity theory, put forward the restrictive immunity theory will become the trend of international development, and the interests of developing countries; and then discusses the restrictive immunity model, provide a reference for our legislation.
The second part selection of commercial transactions, tort, voluntarily accept the jurisdiction of three complex and important non jurisdictional immunity matters as the research object, introduces the United States, the relevant provisions of English law, and lists some examples to explain and justify; on some important issues are also introduced briefly in continental Europe, compared with the country and comment; in addition, the non Jurisdictional Immunities of matters discussed several practical problems related to it.
The third part is basically the same as the second part. Four questions about business transactions, torts, voluntary acceptance of jurisdiction and arbitration agreement are discussed. The provisions of the Convention are discussed and their rationality is analyzed, so that our legislation can meet the requirements of the Convention and strive for perfection.
The fourth part is the focus of this paper. First introduced in China in the past practice of state immunity issue, including the theory of attitude, judicial practice, diplomatic practice and scattered legislation, pointed out that China had insisted on absolute immunity theory, but had to change the restrictive immunity trend. Then analyzed our country through the development of a specific act to change position, so as to implement the provisions of the Convention, the necessity of protecting private interests. Finally, according to above analysis comparison, commentary suggests China should take the legislative position, especially in commercial transactions, tort, voluntarily accept the specific provisions of the agreement jurisdiction and arbitration and other non jurisdictional immunities items..

【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D992

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