论“或引渡或起诉”义务

发布时间：2018-02-11 04:00

本文关键词： 或引渡或起诉习惯国际法第三种选择普遍管辖原则　出处：《外交学院》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“或引渡或起诉”的法谚是由格劳秀斯在其不朽名著《战争与和平法》一书中所提出的“或引渡或惩处”的名言演变而来的。 “或引渡或起诉”义务是以预防和惩罚犯罪的共同利益为基础而建立的。该共同或相互的利益使引渡犯罪人变得必要而且正当,否则犯罪人就要受拒绝引渡国家的起诉。就“或引渡或起诉”义务的国际法渊源问题而言,最富有争议的是该义务是否具有习惯国际法性质。通过对有关国家实践的分析、公约条文的梳理可知,就目前而言,并不存在着以“或引渡或起诉”义务为内容的习惯国际法。因不同条约规定不同,该义务的运作也有所差异。首先,就义务的产生而言有两种情况:一是该义务产生于被指称的罪犯出现在一国境内之时;二是在其境内出现被指称的罪犯的国家收到另一国的引渡请求之时产生。并且引渡和起诉这两个义务的优先性也因上述差异而迥然相异。具体而言,在第一种情况中,起诉的义务优先,后者则相反。 “或引渡或起诉”义务和普遍管辖原则有着千丝万缕的联系,就纯粹的普遍管辖原则而言,两者较容易区分;但是,就“准普遍管辖原则”而言,两者关系则更加复杂,根据有关公约约文,本文认为,“或引渡或起诉”则是实现“准普遍管辖原则”不可缺少的组成部分。
[Abstract]:Aut dedere Aut judicare (Aut dedere Aut judicare) evolved from Grotius' famous book "Aut dedere Aut dedere Aut judicare" in his monumental book the Law of War and Peace. The obligation "Aut dedere Aut judicare" is established on the basis of a common interest in the prevention and punishment of the crime... that common or mutual interest makes the extradition of the offender necessary and justified, otherwise the offender would be subject to the refusal to extradite the State for prosecution. As far as the question of the sources of international law for the obligation Aut dedere Aut judicare is concerned, the most controversial issue is whether the obligation is of a customary international law nature. There is no customary international law with respect to the obligation Aut dedere Aut judicare. The operation of the obligation varies according to the provisions of different treaties. First, there are two situations with regard to the creation of the obligation: one is that the obligation arises when the alleged offender is present in the territory of a State; Second, it arises when the State in whose territory the alleged offender is present receives an extradition request from another State... and the priority of the obligation Aut dedere Aut judicare differs greatly from the foregoing... specifically, in the first case, The obligation to prosecute takes precedence, whereas the latter is the opposite. The obligation Aut dedere Aut judicare is inextricably linked to the principle of universal jurisdiction, which is easier to distinguish in terms of the principle of pure universal jurisdiction; however, the relationship between the two is more complex in the context of the principle of quasi-universal jurisdiction, According to the articles of the relevant conventions, Aut dedere Aut judicare is an indispensable part of the realization of the principle of quasi-universal jurisdiction.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.9

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