论WTO框架下的食品贸易规则

发布时间：2018-02-11 06:11

本文关键词： 食品贸易 SPS协议 TBT协议技术壁垒　出处：《湘潭大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：WTO框架下与食品贸易密切相关的协定主要是《卫生与植物卫生检疫措施协议》(SPS协议)、《贸易技术壁垒协议》(TBT协议)这两项协议。就食品而言,技术性贸易措施包括食品安全无直接联系的标签要求、营养声明、以及质量和包装规定等,当涉及技术规章标准时,《贸易技术壁垒协议》优先适用;与食品有关的卫生与植物卫生措施包括所有有关的法律、法令、要求以及程序,特别是最终产品标准,加工生产方法,检验、监督、出证和审批程序,有关统计学方法、采样方法和风险评估方法的规定,以及与食品安全直接相关的包装和标识要求,当涉及卫生和动植物检疫措施时,《卫生与植物卫生检疫措施协议》优先适用。这两个协定对世界食品贸易有着深远的影响,是世贸组织为改善全球贸易所进行的一次卓有成效的努力,这些规则给世界贸易带来了更大的透明度和更具秩序化的贸易环境。这两个以消除贸易壁垒为目的的协议,通过建立食品国际标准体系和保持食品安全相关法律法规、措施的透明度等措施,共同确立了一个符合WTO规则的食品安全体制。《贸易技术壁垒协议》关于食品贸易的规定主要体现在技术法规、合格评定程序以及技术标准三个方面,来规范成员在采取食品贸易政策时的行为,不至于对国际贸易造成障碍。为了消除食品贸易中的技术壁垒,协议采取了多种措施,包括保持法律法规的透明度、保护发展中国家在食品贸易中的利益、建立各国食品认证互认制度等。而在《卫生与植物卫生检疫措施协议》中主要是从食品卫生检验检疫和对食品安全进行风险评估等方面对成员间食品贸易加以规范。作为WTO重要成员国,我们必须在充分了解研究WTO对食品贸易的相关规则的前提下,结合我国具体国情和现实,对我国现今的食品贸易法律体系存在的问题予以研究和解决,不断完善我国的食品法律法规、食品技术标准以及食品贸易监管体系。
[Abstract]:The agreements closely related to food trade under the framework of WTO are mainly the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS) and the Agreement on Technical barriers to Trade (TBT). Technical trade measures include labelling requirements that are not directly linked to food safety, nutritional statements, and quality and packaging requirements, with the TBT agreement being applied first when it comes to technical regulatory standards; Food related sanitary and phytosanitary measures include all relevant laws, decrees, requirements and procedures, in particular final product standards, processing methods, inspection, supervision, certification and approval procedures, relevant statistical methods, Provisions for sampling and risk assessment methods, as well as packaging and labelling requirements directly related to food safety, When it comes to sanitary and phytosanitary measures, the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures is given priority. These agreements have far-reaching implications for world food trade, Is a fruitful effort by the WTO to improve global trade, rules that have led to greater transparency and a more orderly trading environment for world trade. The two agreements aimed at eliminating trade barriers, Through the establishment of international food standard system, the maintenance of food safety laws and regulations, the transparency of measures and other measures to establish a food safety system in line with the WTO rules. The provisions on food trade in the Agreement on Technical barriers to Trade are mainly embodied in three aspects: technical regulations, conformity assessment procedures and technical standards, to regulate the behavior of members in adopting food trade policies. Not to create obstacles to international trade. In order to eliminate technical barriers in the food trade, the agreement adopted a number of measures, including transparency of laws and regulations, and protection of the interests of developing countries in the food trade, The Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures mainly regulates food trade among members in terms of food hygiene inspection and quarantine and risk assessment of food safety. As an important member of the WTO, On the premise of fully understanding the relevant rules of WTO on food trade, we must study and solve the problems existing in the current food trade legal system of our country according to the specific situation and reality of our country. Improve our food laws and regulations, food technical standards and food trade regulatory system.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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