海上平时军事活动的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 10:53

本文关键词： 海上平时军事活动和平目的适当顾及争端解决　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：军事活动对一个国家有重要意义,二战后国际社会对战争的废弃使各国将军事活动的重点放在了平时军事活动上;科技的发展和应用为平时军事活动提供了坚实的技术支撑、开发了新的活动形式、拓展了海洋利用的广度和深度。但是国际社会对何为海上平时军事活动及如何适用并无定论,相应地产生的争端也不罕见。本文以海上平时军事活动的界定为出发点,阐述海上平时军事活动适用的法律原则,总结并分析了因界定海上平时军事活动和因适用法律原则引起的主要争端,进而研究海上平时军事活动争端的解决。具体分为四章,内容如下:第一章界定了海上平时军事活动。确认什么活动是海上平时军事活动,是研究这一活动法律问题的前提。本章从军事活动、平时、海上三个方面深入界定海上平时军事活动:在非战斗状态标准下,为了达到促进国家安全、捍卫国家利益的政治、经济、军事目的,国家海上武装力量在海洋表面、水下、海床、底土及上空等整个海洋空间进行的所有运用军事力量的活动。本章还列举了海上平时军事活动的内容,并对比各种分类方法,提出军事威慑力强度是进行划分的最本质的依据。第二章研究了开展海上平时军事活动适用的法律原则,主要有和平目的原则、海域划分原则、适当顾及原则。本章解析了三个原则在适用时产生的争议,并规范了三个原则适用时的具体内涵,最后提出三个原则虽侧重点不同,但适用时应相辅相成,作为整体规范来约束海上平时军事活动的开展。第三章列举并分析了开展海上平时军事活动引起的主要争端。主要分为两类,一类是因界定海上平时军事活动与其他海上活动引起的争端,有区分海上平时军事活动与执法活动引起的争端和区分海洋军事探测和海洋科研探测引起的争端;另一类是因相关法律原则在不同海域具体适用时规范不清引起的争端,有领海内他国军舰能否自由通过的争端和专属经济区他国能否军事测量和侦察的争端。第四章研究了海上平时军事活动的争端解决机制。首先遵循和平解决国际争端的义务,而且尊重国家间在解决争端时达成的协议。其次,适用《海洋法公约》中对军事活动争端的"任择性排除适用强制程序"解决机制。
[Abstract]:Military activity is important for a country, the international community after World War II war on waste that countries will focus on military activities in peacetime military activities; to provide a solid technical support for the development and application of science and technology of the peacetime military activities, developed new forms of activities, expand the breadth and depth of the ocean but the international community. What is the sea peacetime military activities and how to apply is not conclusive, the dispute is not rare. This paper defines the maritime peacetime military activities as the starting point, expounds the legal principles applicable to maritime peacetime military activities, summary and Analysis on the definition of maritime military activities and usually caused by the application of legal principles the main research and solve the dispute, maritime disputes. Peacetime military activities can be divided into four chapters, as follows: the first chapter defines the maritime military activities usually confirm what. The sea is the peacetime military activities, is a prerequisite to study the legal issues in this activity. This chapter from the military activities, usually, the three aspects of the sea sea further defines the peacetime military activities in non combat standards, in order to promote national security, safeguard national interests in political, economic, military, national armed forces at sea on the surface of the ocean, water, seabed, all use of military power over the ocean and subsoil of space activities. This chapter also lists the maritime peacetime military activities, and the comparison of various classification methods, put forward military deterrent force strength is divided the most essential basis. The second chapter studies the legal principle to carry out the sea peacetime military activities for peaceful purposes, main principle, area division principle, proper consideration principle. This chapter analyses the three principles in the application of the dispute, and normalized. The specific content of the three principles for the application of the proposed three principles are different, but the application should complement each other, as the overall norms to restrain the sea peacetime military activities. The third chapter mainly analyzes the disputes enumerated and conduct maritime peacetime military activities caused. Mainly divided into two categories, one is caused by definition the sea peacetime military activities and other maritime activities have caused the Sea dispute, distinguish between peacetime military activities and activities of law enforcement disputes and distinguish between marine military detection and detection of the dispute caused by marine scientific research; the other is the standard related law principle in different waters of the concrete application is not clear due to the dispute with his country's territorial waters, warships whether the free passage of the dispute and the exclusive economic zone can military survey and reconnaissance dispute. The fourth chapter studies the sea peacetime military activities firstly abide by the dispute settlement mechanism. Following the obligation of peace settlement of international disputes, and respecting the agreement reached between countries when settling disputes. Secondly, we apply the resolution mechanism of "optional exclusion and application of compulsory procedures" to the dispute of military activities in the Convention on the law of the sea.

【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D995;D993.5

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