新能源补贴与WTO规则的关系研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 13:19

本文关键词： 新能源补贴 SCM 环境贸易　出处：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由于全球气候变暖、资源枯竭、环境污染等全球性环境危机的出现,以及2008年金融危机的刺激,新能源产业成为各国政府大力扶持的产业。各国对新能源的补贴力度也大大加强,补贴形式也多种多样。在WTO规则之下,部分补贴政策引起了争端。新能源补贴对于环境保护的作用使其的存在具有一定的正当性,但是同时需要对其进行合理规制。第一章介绍了各国有关新能源的立法政策与补贴概况,主要涉及美国、欧盟、南非、印度以及中国的政策,说明新能源补贴普遍存在,从而引出新能源补贴与WTO规则的关系,尤其是与《补贴与反补贴措施协定》(SCM)的关系。第二章分析了新能源补贴与WTO所规制的补贴的关系。通过对新能源补贴与SCM下补贴的定义、类型的比较分析,得出新能源补贴与SCM规则存在冲突的可能性。第三章从必要性和合理性角度论证新能源补贴的正当性。由于新能源补贴有利于促进环保产业的发展,因此符合国际环境法、WTO法关于环境保护的宗旨。此外,环境权概念的兴起也为新能源补贴提供了正当性依据。第四章分析了具有正当性的新能源补贴与WTO规则的协调关系。通过分析GATT第20条一般例外条款、SCM第8.2(c)条关于环境保护的补贴对新能源补贴的适用可能性,得出新能源补贴在WTO规则下的例外可能性。但是,如果新能源补贴超过了一定限度,成为变相的限制贸易的手段,则需要对其进行合理的规制。
[Abstract]:Due to the emergence of global environmental crises such as global warming, resource depletion, environmental pollution, and the financial crisis in 2008, The new energy industry has become an industry supported by the governments of all countries. The subsidies to new energy have been greatly strengthened, and there are many forms of subsidies. Under the WTO rules, The effect of new energy subsidy on environmental protection makes its existence legitimate, but it needs to be regulated reasonably at the same time. The first chapter introduces the legislative policies and subsidies of various countries on new energy, including the policies of the United States, the European Union, South Africa, India and China, and explains the widespread existence of new energy subsidies, which leads to the relationship between new energy subsidies and WTO rules. In particular, the relationship with the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures (SCM). The second chapter analyzes the relationship between new energy subsidies and subsidies regulated by WTO. Through the definition and comparison of new energy subsidies and SCM subsidies, the possibility of conflict between new energy subsidies and SCM rules is obtained. Chapter III demonstrates the legitimacy of new energy subsidies from the point of view of necessity and rationality. Since new energy subsidies are conducive to the development of environmental protection industries, they are in line with the purpose of international environmental law and WTO law on environmental protection. The rise of the concept of environmental rights also provides a legitimate basis for new energy subsidies. Chapter 4th analyzes the harmonious relationship between legitimate new energy subsidies and WTO rules. By analyzing the possibility of applying environmental subsidies to new energy subsidies in Article 20 of GATT. The possibility of the exception of new energy subsidies under WTO rules is obtained. However, if the new energy subsidies exceed a certain limit and become a disguised means of restricting trade, it is necessary to regulate them reasonably.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1;F744;F206

【引证文献】