多哈谈判与自由贸易协定协调的法律思考

发布时间：2018-02-13 13:13

本文关键词： 多哈谈判自由贸易协定世界贸易组织法律思考　出处：《南京财经大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自2001年以来，多哈回合已过十年，先后经历了多次谈判，但收获甚微，甚至有止步不前的趋势，这也意味着多边贸易体制正遭受着巨大的冲击。而与之相对应的自由贸易体制却呈现出良好的发展态势，许多国家都已着手参加或缔结自由贸易协定。正由于自由贸易协定达成更为便利与效益，使自由贸易协定得到青睐，从而导致许多成员对多哈谈判由开始的积极响应到现今的消极对待。相反，多哈谈判的屡次失败，发达成员与发展中成员间一直无法达成一致，也使许多成员对多边贸易体制失去了信心，转而将中心投向了自由贸易协定的谈判与签订，促进了自由贸易协定的迅速发展。这就表明，这其中就表现多哈谈判的屡屡失败与自由贸易协定的兴起是紧密联系的，两者间也存在着矛盾与冲突。本文首先分析多哈回合谈判的发展历程与现状，并就农产品与非农产品等主要分歧予以阐释，在农产品方面，分析了谈判各方在市场准入、国内支持、贸易特殊保障机制等方面的立场与产生的矛盾。同时对中国在多哈谈判中的作用与地位进行叙述，表明了目前中国对于多哈回合谈判的态度；并从政治、经济与法律方面分析了多哈回合谈判的受阻原因。其次，本文介绍了自由贸易协定的发展现状与世界新格局下所展现出的新特征，分别对欧洲联盟（EU）、北美自由贸易区（NAFTA）、东盟自由贸易区（AFTA）这三个具有较大影响力的自由贸易协定加以阐述；并分析了WTO法律规则在其条文与机制中对自由贸易协定的规制。再次，文章具体分析了多哈回合谈判与自由贸易协定的关系，说明了自由贸易协定对多哈回合谈判的负面影响，以及多哈回合谈判对自由贸易协定的促进作用；并分别从多哈谈判与自由贸易协定两个角度阐述了两者对与WTO法律体系的积极与消极影响。在以上内容的基础上，本文从WTO角度提出了对多哈谈判与自由贸易协定发展的协调途径，从WTO的立法、程序、司法三个方面着手进行改革，明确对自由贸易协定的规定，完善多哈谈判决策机制，巩固WTO的司法体系，，最终实现多遍贸易体制的长远发展。最后，结合中国国情与国际地位，分别就多哈谈判与自由贸易协定提出了相应的对策。一方面，我国应当慎重对待多哈谈判，在谈判中明确立场，广结盟友，完善自身法律，建立国内协调机构。另一方面，对于自由贸易协定，我国应当完善国内立法，建立审查机构，并可以在严格遵守WTO规则的基础上借鉴其它的自由贸易协定的规则。
[Abstract]:Since 2001, ten years have passed since the Doha Round, and have experienced many negotiations, but little has been achieved, or even a trend of stagnation. This also means that the multilateral trading system is suffering a great impact, while the corresponding free trade system is showing a good trend of development. Many countries have begun to accede to or conclude free trade agreements. Free trade agreements are favoured as a result of their greater convenience and effectiveness, This has led many members to take a negative view of the Doha negotiations from the initial positive response to the present one. On the contrary, the Doha negotiations have repeatedly failed and there has been a lack of agreement between developed and developing members, It has also caused many members to lose confidence in the multilateral trading system, turning instead to the negotiation and signing of free trade agreements, which has contributed to the rapid development of free trade agreements. It shows that the repeated failure of Doha negotiation is closely related to the rise of free trade agreement, and there are contradictions and conflicts between them. This paper first analyzes the development course and current situation of the Doha Round negotiations, and explains the main differences between agricultural products and non-agricultural products. In agricultural products, it analyzes the parties' market access and domestic support. At the same time, the description of China's role and position in the Doha negotiations shows China's current attitude towards the Doha Round negotiations; and from the political perspective, The economic and legal aspects of the Doha Round of negotiations are analyzed. Secondly, this paper introduces the development of free trade agreements and the new characteristics of the new world situation. Three influential free trade agreements, namely, the European Union, the North American Free Trade area (NAFTAA) and the ASEAN Free Trade area (AFTA), are elaborated, respectively, and the regulation of free trade agreements by the WTO legal rules in its provisions and mechanisms is analyzed. This paper analyzes the relationship between the Doha Round negotiation and the Free Trade Agreement, explains the negative effect of the Free Trade Agreement on the Doha Round negotiation, and the promoting effect of the Doha Round negotiation on the Free Trade Agreement. The positive and negative effects of Doha negotiation and free trade agreement on the legal system of WTO are discussed respectively. On the basis of the above contents, this paper puts forward the way to coordinate the development of Doha negotiation and free trade agreement from the angle of WTO, carries on the reform from three aspects of WTO's legislation, procedure and judicature, and clarifies the stipulation of free trade agreement. Improve the decision-making mechanism of the Doha negotiations, consolidate the judicial system of the WTO, and finally realize the long-term development of the multi-fold trading system. Finally, in the light of China's national conditions and international status, On the one hand, China should treat the Doha negotiations with caution, clarify its position in the negotiations, form a wide range of allies, perfect its own laws, and establish a domestic coordinating body. For the free trade agreement, our country should perfect the domestic legislation, set up the examination organization, and can draw lessons from the rules of other free trade agreements on the basis of strictly abiding by the rules of WTO.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996

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