WTO《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》第三条第八款研究

发布时间：2018-02-22 05:12

本文关键词： WTO DSU 利益丧失或减损贸易流量平等竞争机会　出处：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：通过“乌拉圭回合”达成的《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》,是世界贸易组织关于争端解决的基本法律文件,它在争端解决机制中的重要性不言而喻,它既关系到争端当事方实体权利的实现,又关系到判决的最终结果。与《关税与贸易总协定》相比,世界贸易组织的争端解决机制更具强制性和约束力。其中,第3条第8款:“如发生违反在适用协定项下所承担义务的情况,则该行为被视为初步构成利益丧失或减损案件,这通常意味着一种推定,即违反规则对适用协定的其他成员方造成不利影响,在此种情况下,应由被起诉的成员自行决定是否反驳此指控,”是《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》中有重要意义的条款,它关系到发展中成员与发达成员、申诉方与被诉方之间能否实现利益平衡,争端能否得到妥善与合理的解决,公平正义能否得到实现。但是,在《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》中,争端解决机制将“初步证据”与推定技术结合起来,实际上大大降低了提出主张一方的证明标准,并且赋予评审团在判断举证责任是否得到满足方面较大的自由裁量权,可操作性较弱,第3.8条推定中“初步证据”标准模糊。无论是之前的《关贸总协定》,还是后来的世界贸易组织,保护的都是国内外产品的平等竞争机会,而不是贸易流量。理解《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》第3.8条的关键在于,根据世界贸易组织争端解决程序的各阶段,从不同的角度理解“利益丧失或减损”。尽管迹象表明,上诉机构可能重新解释《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》第3条第8款的推定,但权威观点是修改《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》第3条第8款,这可以合理地简化世界贸易组织争端解决的过程,充分保证推定的可预见性和可操作性,实现发展中成员和发达成员、申诉方和被诉方的利益平衡,促进争端的及时有效解决,维护公平正义,增强《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》第3条第8款推定的权威。本文主要包括以下六个部分: 引言部分,主要讲述我国在对外贸易中存在的不足,主要是无法充分运用国际贸易法规维护自身权益,在参与规则制定方面的积极性有待提高,在规则的理解方面尚有欠缺,其中包括对第3条第8款的理解。第一部分主要介绍“利益丧失与减损”推定语境与概说。在阐释了《谅解》及第3条的概况之后,提出“利益丧失与减损”推定存在的问题。第二部分从不同角度理解“利益丧失或减损”的含义,接着分析“利益丧失或减损”的起源、“利益丧失或减损”的依据及发展。第三部分,讨论“利益丧失与减损”推定的若干缺陷,包括有些被申诉国试图反驳推定。第四部分讲述完善“利益丧失与减损”推定的建议,被申诉应该正确理解并合理适用推定,上诉机构应积极致力于修改《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》,使推定更加合理。第五部分,文章的结论。简要概括通篇观点,建议我国在国际经济贸易中保持更加积极的姿态及为此应该采取的措施。
[Abstract]:In the understanding of the dispute settlement rules and procedures , the dispute settlement mechanism is regarded as prima facie constituting the loss of interests or derogations . This article mainly includes the following six parts : The introduction part mainly focuses on the shortage of our country in foreign trade , mainly because it cannot fully utilize international trade laws and regulations to safeguard its own rights and interests , and the enthusiasm of participation in the formulation of rules is to be improved . There is still a lack of understanding of rules , including the understanding of article 3 , paragraph 8 . The first part mainly introduces the presumption context and overview of " loss and loss of interest " . After explaining the general situation of " loss of interest and loss of loss " , this paper puts forward the existing problems of " loss of interest and loss of loss " . The second part understands the meaning of " loss of interest or derogations " from different angles , then analyzes the origin of " loss of interest or loss " , and the basis and development of " loss of interest or loss " . In the third part , several lacunae in the presumption of " loss and loss of interest " are discussed , including attempts by the complainant State to counter the presumption . In the fourth part , it is suggested that the presumption of " loss of benefit and loss of interest " should be perfected . The complaint should be understood correctly and the presumption should be applied reasonably . The appellate body should actively seek to modify the understanding of dispute settlement rules and procedures and make the presumption more reasonable . The fifth part , the conclusion of the article , summarizes the general idea , recommends that China maintain a more active attitude in international economic and trade and the measures that should be taken to that end .

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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