后TRIPs时代对知识产权滥用的法律规制

发布时间：2018-02-24 12:36

本文关键词： 后TRIPs时代权利属性知识产权滥用法律规制　出处：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对知识产权的滥用伴随着知识产权制度的创设一同产生,根本原因在于知识产权权利属性的特点：私权性与公共性的并存。当知识产权政策偏向于弱保护时,知识产权的公共属性即成为知识产权保护的主要矛盾,当知识产权政策偏向于强保护时,私权属性则成为主要矛盾,对知识产权的滥用通常表现为对私权属性的过分强调。无论是公共属性还是私权属性都有一定的理论依据作为支持,知识产权的理论依据往往可以追溯到自然法的起源。但因为自然法本身漫长的发展历程以及巨大的影响力,它的研究者众多,得出的结论也不胜枚举。笔者认为其与最初的自然法精要并不完全符合,甚至在某些地方,产生了“异化”,这究竟是法学理论发展的正常过程,还是被刻意的歪曲? 所谓后TRIPs时代,是指知识产权问题被纳入WTO项下,TRIPs被所有成员接受以后的时代。这一时代的来临标志着知识产权保护有了世界统一的标准,并且有了统一的执行和处罚措施。对知识产权保护起步较早的国家而言,是有百利而无一害的,他们早已熟知并因此获利的标准被推广至全世界。而广大发展中国家大多是被迫纳入这一体制,遵守超过他们承受能力的义务。知识产权滥用的后果主要集中体现在发展中国家内部。这些后果出现的范围十分广泛,从引起世界关注的公共健康问题到跨国公司对市场的垄断,无一不存在发展中国家为这一制度买单的情况。在公共健康领域,跨国医药公司把持着治疗危险疾病药品的专利,一些经济严重落后国家,为了遏制疾病所采取的国内政策一度饱受跨国公司诟病。虽然在国际舆论的压力下,这些跨国公司以及发达国家政府作出了一定程度的妥协,但是发展中国家为此付出的却是数以百万计人民的生命作为代价。跨国公司在商业领域的垄断行为,因其高度的技术性以及商业性,并未能像公共健康问题那样引起世界范围内的关注,但是这一领域受知识产权滥用的影响却非常深远,它不止影响了一大批中小企业的生产经营,导致大量企业破产,更严重的是它打乱了发展中国家产业重组的节奏,并使得产业结构的重塑更符合发达国家的利益需求。后TRIPs时代是发达国家整体获益而发展中国家大部分受损的时代,这一时代的意义可以从多个维度来讨论：首先,这一时代的来临标志着知识产权保护站在了人类前所未有的高度,产生了世界范围内统一遵守的机制。其次,后TRIPs时代的诞生可以看成是发达国家在知识产权战略乃至全球经济战略的一次巨大胜利,因为这一制度基本符合了发达国家的利益需求,并符合他们对于未来国际经济格局的规划；同时,发达国家受益的过程也是发展中国家付出代价的过程,对现有标准的遵守,超出了大多数发展中国家能力所及的范围。最后,这一时代的到来对于中国和其他发展中国家而言,最重要的意义莫过于引发对本国知识产权制度的反思,进而摸索和探寻出符合本国经济发展需要的道路来。对知识产权滥用的法律规制,主要的发达国家实际上已经为我国树立了好榜样,包括TRIPs协议本身,也有很多可以利用的空间。从我国的情况来看,现有的法律在一定程度上反映了建立知识产权法律体系的决心。但法律体系的架构是一项任重而道远的工作,不可能一蹴而就,不仅要在现有法律、法规和司法解释的基础上进一步完善,更要勇于创新,制定专门法来规制滥用行为。同时,要摆正心态,对知识产权的滥用有清醒的认识,才能使我国在未来的国际知识产权保护领域赢得更多的话语权。
[Abstract]:The abuse of intellectual property rights with the creation of the intellectual property system to produce, the fundamental reason lies in the characteristics of the nature of intellectual property rights, both private and public rights. When the intellectual property policy in favor of the weak protection, public intellectual property that has become the main contradiction of intellectual property protection of intellectual property rights, when the policy is biased in favor of strong the protection of private property, has become the main contradiction, abuse of intellectual property rights is usually too much emphasis on private property. Whether it is public property or private property has a certain theoretical basis as support the theoretical basis of intellectual property rights often can be traced back to the origin of natural law. But because of the long history of natural law itself and a huge influence, its researchers concluded. The author believes that it also be too numerous to enumerate and natural law does not fully comply with the original essence, Even in some places, "alienation" has come into being. Is this the normal process of the development of the theory of law, or is it deliberately distorted?
The so-called post TRIPs era, refers to intellectual property issues to be included in the WTO, TRIPs all the members with era. In this era, intellectual property protection has been the world unified standard, and a unified implementation and punishment measures. On the protection of intellectual property rights play a step earlier in the country, is there is no harm, they are already familiar with and profit of the standard was extended to the whole world. The developing countries are forced into this system, with more than they tolerance obligations. The abuse of intellectual property rights is mainly embodied in the consequences within developing countries. These consequences appear widely, to multinational corporations from the public health problems caused by the world's attention on the market, no one does not exist for this system for the developing countries. In the field of public health, multinational pharmaceutical companies Our control treatment of dangerous diseases drug patents, some serious economic backward countries, taken in order to curb the disease of domestic policy was suffering from multinational companies criticized. Although under the pressure of international public opinion, these multinational companies and governments of developed countries to a certain degree of compromise, but developing countries pay is millions of people's lives as the price of monopolistic behavior. Multinational companies in the business field, because of its highly technical and commercial, and not like public health problem that has attracted worldwide attention, but this area is affected by the abuse of intellectual property rights is very profound, it not only affects a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises of production and operation, resulting in a large number of the bankruptcy of the enterprise, more serious is that it disrupted industrial restructuring in developing countries and makes the rhythm, to reshape the industry structure more in line with the developed country The demand for the interests of the family.
After the TRIPs era is the overall benefit of developed countries while developing countries most of the damaged era, the era significance can be discussed from multiple dimensions: first of all, in this era of intellectual property protection in human hitherto unknown height, the mechanism of the world within the scope of uniform compliance. Secondly, after the birth of TRIPs in the era of developed countries can be regarded as a great win in intellectual property strategy and global economic strategy, because this system accords with the interests of developed countries and meet their needs for the future of international economy planning; at the same time, developed countries benefit is the process of developing countries to pay, to comply with existing standards that is beyond the scope of most developing countries and ability. Finally, this era is the most China and other developing countries. The important significance is to arouse the reflection on the intellectual property system of the country, and to explore and explore the way to meet the needs of the national economic development.
On the legal regulation of the abuse of intellectual property rights, the main developed countries has actually set a good example for our country, including the TRIPs protocol itself, there are a lot of available space. From our point of view, the existing legal system of intellectual property law reflects the establishment method of determination to a certain extent. But the legal system architecture is a long-term and arduous task, not overnight, not only in the existing laws, regulations and judicial interpretations on the basis of further improvement, more to innovation, formulate special law to regulate the abuse. At the same time, to put positive mentality, the abuse of intellectual property rights have a clear understanding, to make our country to win more right to speak in the field of international intellectual property protection in the future.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997.1;D996

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