自然灾难中的人权保护

发布时间：2018-02-25 19:08

本文关键词： 自然灾难人权弱势群体主权　出处：《外交学院》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,自然灾害频发。民众在丧失家园的同时,还要承受各种不便和痛苦。如何切实保护受自然灾难影响的民众的人权,是我们亟待解决的问题。本文首先从自然灾难中人权保护的重要性出发,对面临自然灾害时人权保护的现状和人权的倡导进行论述,希望全社会树立关注受自然灾害影响的人的人权保护意识。并对自然灾难发生的前后,人权工作者和政府应该如何从细微处切实保护民众的人权展开阐述,并结合国际人权条约中的保护机制,对人道主义救援行动进行约束和规范,保护受灾难影响的民众的生存权及其他与生命相关的权利,严格限制对与生命所需基本权利的克减。同时本文结合联合国机构间常设委员的文件对自然灾难发生中人权保护的具体操作步骤和行动指南进行细化,对生存权等与生命基本所需相关的权利进行针对性保护。对社会弱势群体的人权保护的程度是检验一国人权状况的标尺。本文针对不同群体的特殊需求,对自然灾难中妇女、儿童、老人、残疾人的权利状况进行详细说明,希望能从这些容易被忽略的部分着手,使这些弱势群体的人权能够得到切实保护。国际社会对受自然灾难的民众人权进行保护时,难免会与某受灾国主权冲突,本文最后对如何平衡自然灾难中人权保护和主权独立的关系进一步阐述,希望能达到二者的和谐统一。
[Abstract]:In recent years, natural disasters occur frequently. People lose their homes, but also suffer all kinds of inconvenience and pain. How to protect the human rights of people affected by natural disasters is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper begins with the importance of human rights protection in natural disasters, and discusses the current situation and advocacy of human rights protection in the face of natural disasters. Hoping that society as a whole will develop an awareness of the protection of human rights of those affected by natural disasters and elaborate on how human rights workers and governments should effectively protect the human rights of the population in detail before and after natural disasters occur, And, in the context of the protection mechanisms in international human rights treaties, to regulate and regulate humanitarian relief operations and to protect the right to life and other life-related rights of disaster-affected populations, Strictly limiting derogations from fundamental rights to life. In conjunction with the documents of the United Nations Inter-Agency standing Committee, the present paper elaborates on specific operational steps and operational guidelines for the protection of human rights in the event of natural disasters, The degree of human rights protection for vulnerable groups in society is a yardstick to test the human rights situation in a country. This paper aims at the special needs of different groups and applies to women in natural disasters. The rights of children, the elderly and the disabled are described in detail, hoping to start with these easily neglected parts. Enabling the human rights of these vulnerable groups to be effectively protected... when the international community protects the human rights of populations affected by natural disasters, it is inevitable that there will be a conflict of sovereignty with an affected State, At the end of this paper, how to balance the relationship between human rights protection and sovereignty independence in natural disasters is further elaborated, hoping to achieve the harmony and unity of the two.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D998.2

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