我国加入《WTO政府采购协定》的国有企业问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 06:26

本文关键词： 《WTO政府采购协定》国有企业政府目的政府控制或影响　出处：《南京大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国于2007年正式启动加入《WTO政府采购协定》(以下简称GPA)的谈判,对于列入政府采购主体的范围一直是争议的焦点,而其中又以我国庞大而复杂的国有企业为首要难题。我国基于国情的需要及对自身利益的保护,在2007年提出的初步清单和2010提出的修改清单中都彻底排除了国有企业的纳入。但是,这并不是最终的谈判结果,也就是说我国的承诺范围还在不断的改进中。首先我们当然寄期盼于完美的谈判结果,但同时也应该认清想要加入此协定,必须留有妥协的余地或是足以说服多方的根据。面对成员方坚持希望将我国的国有企业问题纳入清单的要求,我们也应该留有思考的余地。其实协定的各个成员国在国有企业的纳入问题上也为我国提供了一定的借鉴意义。国内对国有企业的纳入问题上也出现了支持和反对的两种声音。有支持者认为,国有企业的纳入是国企改革、市场深化和国际趋势的必然要求,是有利于国有企业适应市场并与国际接轨的。反对者认为,我国国有企业积贫积弱无法与发达国家的国有企业同日而语,抑或是国企既然已经改革,早晚会完全市场化,则不必纳入政府采购的范围,还有人认为我国《政府采购法》既然已经排除了国有企业,就应该完全按照国内法的办事。面对这些争论,对于国有企业的纳入问题,我们还得从事实一步一步出发。在GPA的具体文本中,对于政府采购主体的界定标准是“政府目的”标准和“政府控制或影响”标准。目的标准其实是一个前提条件,主观性强；控制和影响标准在各国的界定下,模糊不清。关于政府采购的国有企业问题上,WTO仅有的两个案例中,又可以看出GPA管辖权扩张的趋势,还有采购的持续性也难以判断。这些都需要进一步的判定。我国的国有资产在企业中表现为四种形式,分别为：国有独资企业、国有独资公司、国有控股企业和国有参股企业。前三种算是我们传统意义上的国有企业,从这些企业的模式中可以看出政府的影响程度。而且世界上对政府控制或影响的因素大多公认的三者为：采购资金的公共性质标准、采购活动的非竞争性标准以及采购活动的公共性质标准。再加上持续性因素,也许可以得出某种方法,来寻找一种较为合理的谈判标准,或者说是一种稍有说服力的根据。
[Abstract]:In 2007, China formally started the negotiation of joining the Agreement on Government Procurement (hereinafter referred to as GPA), which has been the focus of controversy for the scope of inclusion of the main body of government procurement. Among them, the large and complex state-owned enterprises in China are the most difficult problems. Based on the needs of China's national conditions and the protection of its own interests, In both the preliminary list presented in 2007 and the revised list proposed in 2010, the inclusion of state-owned enterprises was completely excluded. However, this was not the final outcome of the negotiations. That is to say, the scope of our commitments is still improving. First of all, we certainly look forward to the perfect outcome of the negotiations, but at the same time, we should also recognize that we want to join the agreement. There must be room for compromise or sufficient grounds for persuasion... In the face of a member's insistence that the problems of our state-owned enterprises be included in the list, We should also leave room for consideration. In fact, the member countries of the agreement also provide some reference for our country on the issue of the incorporation of state-owned enterprises. There are also two kinds of voices for and against the integration of state-owned enterprises in China. Some supporters believe that the incorporation of state-owned enterprises is an inevitable requirement for the reform of state-owned enterprises, the deepening of the market and the international trend. This is conducive to the adaptation of state-owned enterprises to the market and to international integration. Opponents believe that the accumulated poverty and weakness of state-owned enterprises in China cannot be compared with those of state-owned enterprises in developed countries, or that the state-owned enterprises, since they have been reformed, will sooner or later be completely market-oriented. Then it is not necessary to bring it into the scope of government procurement. Some people also think that since the "Government Procurement Law" of our country has ruled out state-owned enterprises, they should act in full accordance with domestic law. In the face of these disputes, the incorporation of state-owned enterprises is a problem. We must also proceed from the facts step by step. In the specific text of GPA, the standard of defining the subject of government procurement is the standard of "government purpose" and "government control or influence". The standards of control and influence are ambiguous under the definition of various countries. In the case of state-owned enterprises in government procurement, we can see the trend of the expansion of GPA jurisdiction in the only two cases. And the sustainability of procurement is also difficult to judge. These require further determination. There are four forms of state-owned assets in Chinese enterprises: wholly state-owned enterprises, wholly state-owned companies, state-owned holding enterprises and state-owned shareholding enterprises. The first three types are our traditional state-owned enterprises. The extent of government influence can be seen from the models of these enterprises. And the three generally accepted factors of government control or influence in the world are: the standard of public nature of procurement funds, Non-competitive criteria for procurement activities and criteria for the public nature of procurement activities. Together with continuity factors, it may be possible to come up with a way to find a more reasonable negotiating standard, or a somewhat persuasive basis.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996;D922.2;F812.45

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