反倾销中归零法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 05:35

本文关键词： 归零法违法性效力约束发展趋势　出处：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：归零方法是某些国家在反倾销调查中计算倾销幅度的一种方法。该种方法的适用由来已久,其适用引发了诸多国家的不满和国家之间的贸易摩擦。虽然一直以来许多国家对该方法的适用质疑,但是对该方法的规制却少之又少。在GATT时代,由于缺乏相应制度保障和法律约束,尽管该种方法被质疑和诉诸专家组,但是该种方法存在却得到了支持。在WTO时代,归零方法被频繁诉诸WTO争端解决机构,质疑该方法本身的合法性和适用的合法性。但是随着《反倾销协定》的进一步完善,归零方法举证责任分配的改变,WTO争端解决机构越来越倾向于否定这一方法本身的存在以及适用。但是以美国为代表的国家不仅坚持适用归零方法,而且试图将其塞入多哈回合谈判协议文本中使其合法化。这种情况的出现不得不让我们重新思考我们“声称”已经取得的归零方法的“成果”:WTO争端解决机构对归零方法的全面否定是否意味着归零方法的终结?笔者的回答是否定的。笔者认为原因主要有以下几个方面:第一,WTO争端解决机构对案件的裁决只对该案件有约束力,而对于其他案件没有直接的约束力。因此即使案件相似,WTO争端解决机构对上一个案件的裁决也不能直接应用到下一个案件之中,而仅仅具有参考价值。这也是美国虽频频败诉,但是依旧坚持使用归零方法的原因。第二,在进行的多哈回合谈判中,归零方法是反倾销谈判中争论的焦点。在谈判中,支持归零方法的国家和反对归零方法的国家争持不下,归零方法的未来充满了变数。但是从2007年主席文本中可以看出支持归零方法的国家占据了有利地位。在这种情况下仅仅凭借WTO争端解决机构全面否定归零方法使用的裁决而认为归零方法已经被终结,有失偏颇。近年来,国内学者开始关注归零方法,并进行了研究。但是这些研究大多集中在归零方法的个别案例的分析上,而没有从整体上分析和梳理归零方法所涉及到国际反倾销理论和实践问题。笔者试图通过本文来梳理归零法产生、发展以及趋势,并通过案例分析归零方法所涉及到的国际条约和协定,为中国应对反倾销归零问题提供参考。本文分为三部分:引言、正文和结语。在正文中笔者主要分为四部分来介绍: 第一部分为“归零法的概念以及历史发展”,是本文的理论基石。在该部分中,笔者首先根据《反倾销协议》和GATT1994对倾销幅度进行阐释,从而对归零方法进行界定。然后对于归零方法的历史发展进行梳理,以便读者有一个清晰的脉络。第二部分为“归零方法主要法律症结分析”。在该部分中,笔者分阶段来阐述归零方法的适用,在各个阶段归零方法是如何适用的,在个案中其存在和适用是否违反了相关的国际条约和协定,同时专家组和上诉机构的裁决又是如何,进而梳理归零方法违法性和存在的不合理性。第三部分为“WTO争端解决机构与归零方法裁定效力”。这一部分涉及到WTO专家组和上诉机构裁决的效力以及其对后来案件的约束力这类基本的理论问题。在这一部分中笔者还将涉及到归零方法在美国国内的适用以及美国国内对于归零方法的态度问题。笔者试图通过对这一问题的阐述来分析美国频频败诉而依旧坚持适用该方法的原因。第四部分为“归零法的发展趋势”。笔者将分析2007年主席文本以及其他的资料,对归零法的“命运”进行预测,并提出中国的应对之策。
[Abstract]:Zero method is a method of calculating dumping margins in some countries in the anti-dumping investigation. The application of the method for its long-standing, caused a lot of trade friction between countries and countries. Although the application of discontent to question the method that many countries have been, but the regulation of the method is less and less in the GATT era, due to lack of laws and regulations, although this method has been questioned and resorting to the group of experts, but this method is supported in the WTO era, the zero method is frequently resort to WTO dispute settlement mechanism, the method itself questioned the legality and legitimacy. But for with the "anti dumping agreement" to further improve the zero method for the distribution of burden of proof, the WTO dispute settlement mechanism is more and more inclined to deny the method itself exists and applicable.
But the countries represented by the United States not only insist on the application of zero method, and attempts to legitimize it into the text of the agreement in Doha Round negotiations. We rethink the "claims" zero method has achieved the "results": the emergence of this situation we have to negate the WTO dispute settlement mechanism to zero method does that mean the end of return to zero method? The answer is no. I think the reason mainly has the following several aspects: first, the WTO dispute settlement mechanism on the case and ruling only binding on the case, but there is no direct binding to other cases. So even if the case is similar to that of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism of ruling a case cannot be directly applied to the next case, but only has the reference value. This is also the United States is frequently lost, but still insist on using zero method Reason. Second, in the Doha round of negotiations, the zero method is the focus of anti-dumping negotiations in the dispute. In the negotiations, support zero method zero method against state and national deadlock, full of variables zero method in the future. But from 2007 the text can be seen in the support to the president zero method countries occupy a favorable position. In this case only by virtue of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism completely zero method using the judgment that the zero method has been concluded, biased.
In recent years, domestic scholars began to focus on zero method, and carried out the research. But most of these studies focused on the analysis of individual cases of zero method, but not from the overall analysis and combing zero method involved in the international anti-dumping theory and practice. The author tries to sort out to zero method well, the development trend, and through the case analysis of international treaties and agreements relating to the zero method, for China anti-dumping zero and provide a reference.
This article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. In the text, the author is divided into four parts to introduce:
The first part is "zeroing the concept and historical development", is the theoretical foundation of this paper. In this part, the author firstly according to the interpretation of the margin of dumping and anti dumping agreement > GATT1994, which defines the zero method. Then the historical development of zeroing in comb, so that readers have a clear context.
The second part is the analysis of "zero" method of main legal problem. In this part, the author expounds application of zero phase method, zero return method in each stage is how to apply, in the case of the existence and applicability is a violation of the relevant international treaties and agreements, at the same time, the panel and the appellate body the ruling is how unreasonable and combing zeroing illegality and existence.
The third part is "the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and the method of zero ruling validity". This part involves the WTO effect of the panel and the Appellate Body ruling and the later case binding this kind of basic theoretical problems. In this part, the author will also involve the zero method in the application of the domestic and the United States for attitude zero method. The author tries to explain this problem to analyze why the United States frequently lost and still adhere to the application of the method.
The fourth part is "the development trend of the zeroing method". The author will analyze the 2007 chairman's text and other materials, predict the fate of the zeroing method, and propose China's countermeasures.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

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