《鹿特丹规则》下多式联运经营人的责任制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 11:23

本文关键词： 国际货物多式联运多式联运经营人责任制度鹿特丹规则履约方有限网状责任　出处：《华东政法大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着集装箱的广泛应用及其他技术条件的成熟，多式联运这种新型运输方式将海运、陆运、空运等贯通起来，突破了地理条件和距离的限制，满足了“门对门”运输的发展需求，以高效、低成本、手续便捷等优势在国际货物运输中占据重要位置。作为与海运、空运、公路、铁路运输等并列的运输方式，多式联运应具有其统一的责任制度，然而，由于多式联运涉及不同的运输方式和多方当事人，法律关系较为复杂，可能受到调整单一运输和多式联运的不同国内法、地区制度安排或国际公约规制，这些法律在该领域相互交织、条块分割，导致多式联运在法律适用和争议处理结果上存在不确定性。多式联运经营人的两种基本责任形式即网状责任制和统一责任制，都因其固有缺陷不能单独适用，国际社会试图对两者进行调和，努力建立统一的多式联运制度，目前产生了最新的立法成果《鹿特丹规则》。该公约为平衡船货双方的利益进行了很多的制度变革与创新，将责任期间扩展到“门至门”，并首创将海事公约的规定有条件地适用于陆上区段运输，以更务实的态度来协调与其它既存运输公约的关系，排除国内法的适用，促进了国际多式联运和国际海上运输领域立法的统一。本文试对《鹿特丹规则》关于多式联运经营人责任的制度安排进行分析，探究其可能产生的适用效果及问题，并结合我国对公约的态度研究该制度对我国产生的影响，具体的结构框架如下：第一章主要对国际货物多式联运的相关概念进行界定，分三节论述，介绍国际多式联运的起源，界定国际货物多式联运和多式联运经营人的概念以及探讨国际多式联运的认定标准和依据。第二章主要介绍国际货物多式联运经营人责任的立法现状，首先阐述国际货物多式联运经营人责任的法律框架和两种责任形式，然后分析国际货物多式联运经营人责任的统一化趋势及立法成果。第三章着重阐述《鹿特丹规则》对多式联运经营人责任的制度安排，对主要制度重点论述，包括“履约方”概念的引入、有限网状责任的适用，以及海运规则适用于非海运区段的情况，从中探究《鹿特丹规则》如何实现船货双方利益的平衡以及所达到的效果。第四章阐述了我国在《鹿特丹规则》制定过程的参与情况，以及我国对公约所持的态度，即使短期内我国不会批准《鹿特丹规则》，公约不能很快生效，，其也会对我国多式联运法律制度完善有较大的借鉴意义，解决我国多式联运立法中存在的问题。
[Abstract]:With the wide use of containers and the maturity of other technical conditions, multimodal transport, a new mode of transport, will link up with sea, land and air transportation, breaking through the restrictions of geographical conditions and distances. Meeting the development needs of "door-to-door" transport, occupying an important position in international cargo transportation with the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, convenient procedures, etc., as a parallel mode of transport with sea, air, road, rail, etc. Multimodal transport should have its uniform liability regime, however, since multimodal transport involves different modes of transport and multiple parties, the legal relationship is more complex and may be subject to different domestic laws regulating single and multimodal transport, Regional institutional arrangements or international conventions, which are intertwined and fragmented in this area, As a result of uncertainty in the application of the law and the outcome of the dispute settlement, the two basic forms of responsibility of the multimodal transport operator, namely, the network responsibility system and the unified responsibility system, cannot be applied separately because of their inherent defects. The international community has tried to reconcile the two and set up a unified multimodal transport system, which has produced the latest legislative results, the Rotterdam rules. The Convention has made a lot of institutional changes and innovations to balance the interests of both parties. Extending the period of responsibility to "door-to-door" and initiating the conditional application of the provisions of maritime conventions to land sector transport, in order to harmonize relations with other existing transport conventions in a more pragmatic manner and to exclude the application of domestic law, Promote the unification of international multimodal transport and international maritime transport legislation. This paper tries to analyze the institutional arrangement of the liability of multimodal transport operators in the Rotterdam rules, to explore the applicable effects and problems, and to study the influence of the system on our country in the light of our attitude towards the Convention. The specific structural framework is as follows:. The first chapter mainly defines the related concepts of international multimodal transport of goods and discusses the origin of international multimodal transport in three sections. This paper defines the concept of international multimodal transport and multimodal transport operators and discusses the standard and basis of international multimodal transport. The second chapter mainly introduces the current legislative situation of the liability of international multimodal transport operators of goods. Firstly, it expounds the legal framework and two forms of liability of international multimodal transport operators of goods. Then it analyzes the unified trend and legislative results of international multimodal cargo transport operator's liability. The third chapter focuses on the institutional arrangement of the Rotterdam rules on the liability of multimodal transport operators, the main institutional emphasis, including the introduction of the concept of "performing party", the application of limited network liability, This paper discusses how the Rotterdam rules can achieve the balance of the interests of both parties and the effect achieved. Chapter 4th describes China's participation in the Rotterdam rules development process and its attitude towards the Convention. Even if we do not ratify the Rotterdam rules in the near future, the Convention will not enter into force soon. It will also be helpful to improve the legal system of multimodal transport in our country, and solve the problems existing in the legislation of multimodal transport in our country.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D996.1

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