论美国在反倾销调查中的非市场经济规则与中国的应对

发布时间：2018-03-03 11:47

本文选题：反倾销　切入点：公平价格　出处：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从2008年全球经济危机到后来的欧债危机以来,美国经济长期处于低迷状态,其国内外市场和需求快速萎缩,美国企业一直面临着争夺国内外市场的双重压力。为扶持和保护本国产业,美国又一次密集的使用了反倾销这一贸易保护措施。这使得正逐渐成为世界贸易首要大国的中国深受其害。公平价格是反倾销法律制度中十分重要的概念,它是决定一国的产品出口到另一国是否构成倾销的基本价格。公平价格是出口国国内市场上在正常贸易过程中,能够反映某一相似产品成本要素的,确定倾销是否存在的可比价格,即确定公平价格的可比价格必须反映成本。与此同时,对于中国来说,另一不可回避的话题是非市场经济规则问题。非市场经济规则话题起源于基本贸易待遇和反倾销问题的处理,是对社会主义国家采取的一种歧视性做法。为保证国际贸易的健康发展,规范各国的反倾销措施,世界贸易组织(WTO)对公平价格确定的标准做出了详细的规定,进而各国在WTO统一的框架内制定了相应的国内反倾销法。但是,WTO的规定是以市场经济条件为基础的,而针对非市场经济国家的被诉产品的公平价格的确定并未做出统一的规定。因而,给各国留下了广泛的自由裁量权。本文主要有三个部分构成。在第一部分中,笔者对非市场经济规则进行了阐述。WTO以及欧美对于非市场经济规则均有其自身的规定和要求,通过对他们的分析,能够明确非市场经济规则的由来及其之间存在的共同点和差异性。对于本文的重点,美国的非市场经济规则,及其公平价格确定标准将在第二部分进行论述。该部分中,笔者将对替代国制度、单独税率的申请以及市场导向测试的具体标准以及实践经验进行说明。最后,本文的第三部分将基于对美国的非市场经济国家产品公平价格的计算标准及特殊规定的分析,从政府以及企业两个维度对如何应对美国的反倾销调查提出策略建议。概而言之,本文通过对美国的非市场经济规则及其在对华反倾销调查中的非市场经济规则的适用的分析,探究其对华反倾销调查中所采取的一系列不公平的歧视性规则,包括替代国制度、单独税率和市场导向测试等问题。最终的落脚点是,能够充分理解美国的非市场经济规则,进而使得中国政府和企业在面临美国的对华反倾销调查时能够见招拆招,充分利用规则中的特殊规定避免和争取取得有利于调查企业和产业的最终反倾销裁定。
[Abstract]:Since the global economic crisis in 2008 and the European debt crisis later, the United States economy has been in a state of depression for a long time, and its domestic and foreign markets and demand have shrunk rapidly. American companies have been under double pressure to compete for domestic and foreign markets. In order to support and protect their industries, Once again, the United States has intensively used anti-dumping, a trade protection measure. This has made China, which is gradually becoming the world's leading trading power, suffer greatly. Fair price is a very important concept in the anti-dumping legal system. It is the basic price that determines whether the export of one country's products to another country constitutes dumping. Fair price is a factor that can reflect the cost of a similar product in the normal trade process in the domestic market of the exporting country. To determine the comparable price of dumping, that is, to determine the comparable price of a fair price, must reflect the cost. At the same time, for China, Another unavoidable topic is the issue of non-market economy rules, which originates from the treatment of basic trade treatment and anti-dumping, and is a discriminatory approach to socialist countries. In order to ensure the healthy development of international trade and standardize the anti-dumping measures of various countries, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has made detailed provisions on the criteria for setting fair prices. Then each country formulates the corresponding domestic antidumping law within the framework of the unification of the WTO, but its provisions are based on the conditions of the market economy. However, the determination of the fair price of the products sued in the non-market economy countries has not made a unified regulation, thus leaving a wide range of discretion to the countries. In the first part, the author expounds the rules of non-market economy. The WTO and Europe and the United States have their own regulations and requirements for the rules of non-market economy. To be able to clarify the origin of the non-market economy rules and their common ground and differences. For the focus of this article, the United States' non-market economy rules and their fair price determination criteria will be discussed in the second part. The author will explain the surrogate country system, the application of individual tax rate, the specific criteria and practical experience of market orientation test. In the third part of this paper, based on the analysis of the standard and special regulation of the fair price of products in the non-market economy countries of the United States, some suggestions on how to deal with the anti-dumping investigation of the United States are put forward from the two dimensions of government and enterprise. In general, this paper analyzes the application of the non-market economy rules of the United States and the non-market economy rules in the anti-dumping investigation against China, and probes into a series of unfair and discriminatory rules adopted in the anti-dumping investigation against China. Including the surrogate country system, individual tax rates and market-oriented tests. The ultimate goal is to be able to fully understand the non-market economy rules of the United States. Therefore, the Chinese government and enterprises can make full use of the special provisions of the rules to avoid and strive for the final anti-dumping ruling in favor of the investigation enterprises and industries in the face of the United States anti-dumping investigation against China.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D996.1

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