农业文化遗产的法律保护

发布时间：2018-03-03 14:32

本文选题：农业文化遗产的国际法保护　切入点：农业文化遗产的国际软法保护　出处：《华中科技大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)是由联合国粮农组织(FAO)、全球环境基金(GEF)、联合国教科文组织等十余家机构发起设立,旨在保护世界各地以多样化的资源为基础,由因地制宜的生产实践形成的独具特色的农业系统和景观。农业文化遗产在概念上等同于世界遗产的概念。它是一个平衡的社会生态系统,是动态的系统,是可持续发展的系统。目前支持农业文化遗产保护的法律是零散的。在国际法层面上,主要是《联合国生物多样性公约》(CBD)、《联合国防止沙漠化公约》(CCD)、《联合国气候变化框架协议》(FCCC),以及《粮食和农业植物遗传资源国际条约》(ITPGR)、《土著和部落人民公约》(ILO No. 169)、《国际湿地公约》(Ramsar Convention)、《世界遗产公约》(WHC)和《华盛顿公约》(CITES)。支持农业文化遗产保护的国际宣言和决议主要是《2l世纪议程》、《关于森林问题的原则声明》、《约翰内斯堡可持续发展宣言》、《联合国土著人民权利宣言》、《联合国千年宣言》等。以菲律宾为例,在国内法中对农业文化遗产的保护主要表现在地区和土著社区的自治权,以及对森林和清洁空气的保护上。中国在保护农业文化遗产方面除了遵守上述的国际公约外,主要表现在通过对当地社区的自治权力的确认、对环境资源的保护、对非物质文化遗产的保护法律,建立了一个大的保护框架,同时通过地方立法的形式保护农业文化遗产系统,如坎儿井的保护。但是中国目前保护农业文化遗产的法律机制存在一些问题:对国际公约的履行中忽视了对本国利益特别是传统社区的保护;缺乏专门针对农业遗产维持、保护和利用的法律;缺乏对农业文化的保护;缺少对农业文化遗产法律的整理、归档。总之,中国保护农业文化遗产的法律缺乏统一、全面的体系建构,需要在立法体系中加强对其关注。
[Abstract]:GIAHS, a globally important agricultural cultural heritage, was initiated by more than a dozen agencies, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), to protect diverse resources around the world. Agricultural cultural heritage is conceptually equivalent to the concept of world heritage. It is a balanced social ecosystem and a dynamic system. It is a system of sustainable development. The current laws supporting the protection of agricultural cultural heritage are fragmented. In the context of international law, The main ones are the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), the United Nations Framework Agreement on Climate change (UNFCCC), and the International Treaty on Plant genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRN), the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples' Convention (IPRO) No. 169N, the United Nations Framework Agreement on Climate change (UNFCCC), and the International Treaty on Plant genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRN). International Convention on Wetlands, Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, World Heritage Convention (WHCC) and the Washington Convention (Washington Convention). International declarations and resolutions in support of the protection of agricultural cultural heritage are mainly agenda 21, statement of principles on forests, Johannesburg Sustainable Development. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the United Nations Millennium Declaration, and so on. Take the Philippines as an example. The protection of agricultural cultural heritage in domestic law is mainly manifested in the autonomy of regional and indigenous communities, as well as in the protection of forests and clean air. Apart from complying with the above-mentioned international conventions, China's protection of agricultural cultural heritage is mainly manifested in the recognition of the autonomy of local communities, the protection of environmental resources, and the protection of intangible cultural heritage. A broad protection framework has been established, while the agricultural cultural heritage system has been protected in the form of local legislation, However, there are some problems in China's current legal mechanism for the protection of agricultural cultural heritage: the protection of national interests, especially traditional communities, has been neglected in the implementation of international conventions; and the lack of a special focus on the maintenance of agricultural heritage, Protection and utilization of laws; lack of protection of agricultural culture; lack of collation and archiving of laws on agricultural cultural heritage; in short, lack of a unified and comprehensive system of laws for the protection of agricultural cultural heritage in China, More attention needs to be paid to it in the legislative system.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G122;D997.1

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