WTO视野下边境碳调节措施的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 20:20

本文选题：边境碳调节措施　切入点：气候变化　出处：《首都经济贸易大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2009年6月,美国众议院通过《清洁能源与安全法案》后,一种俗称为“碳关税”的国际贸易措施开始进入人们的视野,进而引发了国际社会的激烈讨论。有相当一部分意见认为,此种贸易措施违背了WTO的相关规则,但又缺乏详细的论证。于是笔者希望对该措施的内涵、提出背景及其与WTO相关规则的相符性进行研究,还希望从中得到一些有益于我国今后应对气候变化的启示。文章分为四个部分：第一部分介绍了现有的、关于边境碳调节措施的一些主张,并在此基础上,笔者尝试着对其进行了法律界定。笔者认为,“碳关税”一词并不能正确揭示此种争议措施的真实内涵,“边境碳调节措施”才是这一类措施合理的称谓,它是指一种由已经承担减排义务的国家出于维护其国内企业和相关行业竞争力、防止碳泄露的双重目的而发起的、旨在针对来自尚未减排国家的进口商品苛征一定负担的措施。在现行国际气候制度下,它又通常被认为是一种发达国家针对发展中国家所采取的措施。第二部分分析了边境碳调节措施产生的背景。从直观上看,该措施是基于竞争力的担忧而产生的；但从实质上看,它实则反映了发达国家对现行国际气候制度的不认同,揭露了这些国家试图通过国际贸易手段逼迫发展中国家承担与其不相适应的减排义务的企图。第三部分比较了边境碳调节措施现有的制度设计与WTO相关规则的相符性。笔者认为,现有的边境碳调节措施很可能构成对最惠国待遇、国民待遇、关税减让、取消数量限制等WTO规则的违背,且不能成功援引一般例外条款,故是一种不能被WTO所接受的贸易措施。最后一部分,笔者探讨了边境碳调节措施对提高我国今后应对气候变化能力所产生的启示。当低碳经济已成为不可逆转的发展潮流,我国在积极参与未来国际气候谈判的同时,应加速转变经济增长方式、加强国内应对气候变化法制建设,从而不断提高应对气候变化的能力,在气候变化问题上体现我国在气候变化问题上的负责态度,在经济发展方面谋求自身合理、正当的发展权益。
[Abstract]:In June 2009, when the House of Representatives passed the Clean Energy and Security Act, a measure of international trade, commonly known as "carbon tariffs," came into view. This led to a heated discussion in the international community. A considerable number of opinions suggest that such trade measures violate the relevant rules of the WTO, but lack detailed argumentation. This paper puts forward the background and its conformity with the relevant rules of WTO, and also hopes to get some useful inspiration for our country to deal with climate change in the future. The article is divided into four parts:. The first part introduces some of the existing ideas on border carbon regulation measures, and on this basis, The author tries to define it by law. The author thinks that the term "carbon tariff" can not correctly reveal the true connotation of this kind of controversial measures, and that "border carbon regulation measures" is a reasonable term for this kind of measures. It refers to a dual purpose of protecting domestic enterprises and related industries against carbon leakage by countries that have already undertaken emission reduction obligations. Measures aimed at imposing a burden on imports from countries that have not yet cut emissions. Under the current international climate regime, it is often considered a measure taken by developed countries against developing countries. The second part analyzes the background to the generation of border carbon regulation measures. Intuitively, the measures are based on competitiveness concerns; but in essence, they reflect the developed countries' disapproval of the current international climate regime. It exposed attempts by these countries to force developing countries through international trade to undertake incommensurate emission reduction obligations. In the third part, the author compares the conformity between the existing system design of border carbon regulation measures and the relevant rules of WTO. The author thinks that the existing border carbon regulation measures may constitute the most-favoured-nation treatment, national treatment and tariff concession. It is a kind of trade measure which cannot be accepted by WTO because the breach of WTO rules such as quantity restriction can not be successfully invoked by the general exception clause. In the last part, the author discusses the enlightenment of the border carbon regulation measures on improving the ability of our country to cope with climate change in the future. When the low-carbon economy has become an irreversible trend of development, While actively participating in the future international climate negotiations, China should accelerate the transformation of its economic growth pattern and strengthen its legal system to deal with climate change, so as to continuously improve its ability to cope with climate change. China's responsible attitude on climate change is embodied in the issue of climate change, and its own reasonable and legitimate development rights and interests are sought in the aspect of economic development.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996;D922.29;D922.68

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