论中国追索流失文物的法律问题

发布时间：2018-03-10 16:44

本文选题：流失文物　切入点：回归文物　出处：《浙江大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国拥有不计其数的珍贵文物,这是值得我们骄傲的,然而中国却又是世界上文物流失最严重的国家之一,这无疑使我们感到心痛。其实从新中国成立后,国家从未放弃过追寻流失海外文物的工作,只不过因为经济发展和综合国力的原因,这项工作的进展比较缓慢。随着改革开放带来的各种影响,国人对于流失文物的关注意识也愈发增强。特别是近十年来,圆明园兽首的屡次公开拍卖更是激发了专家、学者、民众对于中国流失海外的文物何时能回归,通过何种方式回归等诸多问题的讨论。本文以中国流失文物的现状为背景,首先探讨了流失文物回归的三种主要方式：回购,回赠和追索,并且通过各种案例分析得出前两种方式的弊端,强调应该多采用追索的方式使流失文物回归故土；接着,从追索流失文物遇到的阻碍着手,总结分析这些障碍产生的原因：一是由于两大法学理论对于文物保护的态度有着截然相反的意见,导致文物市场国不愿归还文物；二是现行的几个国际条约都有致命的缺陷,致使其效力大打折扣,尤其不能解决战时被掠夺的文物归还问题；三是因为在法律诉讼中有关善意取得制度和诉讼主体的问题各国相关规定有所不同导致通过法律途径追索流失文物的难度大大上升；最后,文章着重分析四个流失文物追索成功的案例并归纳得出中国应该以完善国内相关立法为基础并且发挥群众和领袖人物在这项工作进程中的重要作用,从而有效推动追索流失海外文物工作的发展。
[Abstract]:China has countless precious cultural relics, which we should be proud of. However, China is also one of the countries with the most serious cultural relics loss in the world. This undoubtedly makes us feel heartache. In fact, since the founding of New China, The country has never given up its pursuit of the loss of cultural relics overseas, but because of economic development and comprehensive national strength, the progress of this work has been relatively slow. With the various effects of reform and opening up, People are increasingly concerned about the loss of cultural relics. In particular, in the past decade, the repeated public auctions of Old Summer Palace's animal heads have inspired experts, scholars, and the public to know when China's lost cultural relics from overseas will return. How to return through the discussion of a number of issues. Based on the present situation of the lost cultural relics in China, this paper first discusses the three main ways of returning the lost cultural relics: repurchase, gift and recovery, and through the analysis of various cases, the disadvantages of the former two ways are obtained. Emphasizing that more recourse should be used to return the lost cultural relics to their native lands; and then, starting with the obstacles encountered in the recovery of the lost cultural relics, Summing up and analyzing the reasons for these obstacles: first, because the two major legal theories have diametrically opposed views on cultural relics conservation, resulting in cultural relics market countries unwilling to return cultural relics; second, several existing international treaties have fatal defects. Its effectiveness is greatly reduced, especially the problem of the return of cultural relics plundered during wartime cannot be solved; Third, due to the differences in the relevant provisions of various countries concerning the system of bona fide acquisition and the subject of litigation in legal proceedings, the difficulty of recovering lost cultural relics through legal channels has greatly increased; finally, The article focuses on the analysis of four successful cases of lost cultural relics and concludes that China should take the relevant domestic legislation as the basis and give play to the important role of the masses and leaders in the process of this work. In order to effectively promote the loss of overseas cultural relics lost to the development of work.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997.1;D922.16

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