我国贸易壁垒调查制度实效性研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 22:07

本文选题：贸易壁垒调查　切入点：301条款　出处：《山西财经大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：后危机时代，在新贸易保护主义理论下，各国贸易保护此起彼伏，贸易壁垒逐渐呈现多样化、隐蔽化的趋势，2013年中国取代美国成为全球最大货物贸易国，与此同时，中国已经连续18年成为遭遇贸易摩擦最多的国家，而且现阶段的贸易摩擦属于战略性贸易摩擦，尤其是新能源产业将会是今后贸易摩擦的重点领域，2010年，美国再次对中国的新能源政策提起了301条款，出于对第三次工业革命制高点的争夺，今后一段时间中美之间必定会进入摩擦高发期，而当今时代国与国之间的贸易战逐渐演变成贸易规则的博弈，因此，贸易壁垒调查制度作为针对贸易壁垒建立起来的快速反应机制，对于我国具有重要的意义。 WTO是多国经过多轮谈判妥协的产物，是贸易保护和贸易自由的统一体，在WTO体制下，贸易壁垒有其生存发展的空间。在中国由一个贸易大国成长为一个贸易强国的过程中，国际贸易摩擦必将会呈现出复杂化、常态化等特征，贸易壁垒调查制度作为有效应对贸易壁垒的制度，在给国内产业和其他组织提供了应对他国贸易壁垒的国内法依据的同时，也增强了一国维护本国外贸秩序、经济安全的能力，但是，我国贸易壁垒调查制度从诞生之日起十二年的时间里却仅仅在两起案件中得到运用，，其实效性显而易见，因此，本文通过研究贸易壁垒调查制度实效性的基础理论为下文提供逻辑起点；全面介绍了美国的贸易壁垒调查制度实效性，分析出美国可借鉴的经验；在此基础上，通过实证分析影响我国制度实效性的问题并对如何改进我国贸易壁垒调查制度的实效性提出相关建议。法律的生命在于经验，如果只注重法律条文而不关注法律在社会运行当中的实效性，那么法律就是一纸空文，因此本文着眼于现实生活中活的法，通过研究贸易壁垒调查制度实效性的一系列相关问题，最终改进其实效性，从而真正发挥我国贸易壁垒调查制度的预设功能和应有价值。在新形势下，贸易壁垒调查制度对于我国贸易活动具有很强的针对性和实用性，但目前学者们的研究仍主要着重中外制度的对比和对我国制度的完善，仅仅对制度的关注，远远无法满足我国现实的外贸需要，因此，本文通过分析该制度的典型—301条款的实效性，找出我国制度实效性存在的问题，借鉴先进经验，改进我国制度的实效性。我国应该凭借自身的国际贸易实力和巨大的国内市场，充分、有效的使用贸易壁垒调查制度，依法消除中国在对外贸易中遇到的各种贸易壁垒，积极开拓国际市场，保护我国经济安全。
[Abstract]:In the post-crisis era, under the new trade protectionism theory, the trade protection of various countries has been rising one after another, and trade barriers are gradually showing a trend of diversification and concealment. In 2013, China replaced the United States as the world's largest trading country in goods, and at the same time, China has been the country experiencing the most trade frictions for the past 18 consecutive years, and trade frictions at this stage belong to strategic trade frictions, especially the new energy industry, which will be the key area of trade friction in the future. In 2010, The United States has once again raised Section 301 on China's new energy policy. Out of the contention for the commanding high ground of the third Industrial Revolution, China and the United States will certainly enter a period of high friction for some time to come. Nowadays, the trade war between countries has gradually evolved into a game of trade rules. Therefore, as a rapid response mechanism to trade barriers, the investigation system of trade barriers is of great significance to our country. WTO is the product of many countries' negotiation and compromise, and the unity of trade protection and trade freedom. Under the WTO system, trade barriers have room for survival and development. International trade frictions will certainly present the characteristics of complication and normalization. As an effective system to deal with trade barriers, the investigation system of trade barriers provides domestic industries and other organizations with the basis of domestic laws to deal with other countries' trade barriers. It has also enhanced the ability of a country to maintain its foreign trade order and economic security. However, the investigation system of trade barriers in our country has only been used in two cases in the 12 years from the date of its birth. Its effectiveness is obvious, therefore, This paper provides a logical starting point for the following by studying the basic theory of the effectiveness of the investigation system of trade barriers; it comprehensively introduces the effectiveness of the investigation system of trade barriers in the United States, analyzes the experience that the United States can use for reference; on the basis of this, Through the empirical analysis of the impact of China's system effectiveness and how to improve the effectiveness of China's trade barriers investigation system put forward relevant suggestions. The life of law lies in experience. If we only pay attention to the provisions of the law and not to the effectiveness of the law in the course of social operation, then the law is a dead letter. Therefore, this paper focuses on the living law in real life. Through the study of a series of related problems on the effectiveness of the investigation system of trade barriers, the effectiveness of the investigation system of trade barriers can be improved finally, so as to give full play to the presupposition function and due value of the investigation system of trade barriers in China. Under the new situation, the investigation system of trade barriers has strong pertinence and practicability for our country's trade activities. However, at present, scholars still mainly focus on the comparison of Chinese and foreign systems and the perfection of our country's system, and only pay attention to the system. It is far from being able to meet the actual foreign trade needs of our country. Therefore, by analyzing the effectiveness of the typical section -301 of this system, this paper finds out the problems existing in the effectiveness of our country's system, and draws lessons from the advanced experience. To improve the effectiveness of China's system, China should rely on its own international trade strength and huge domestic market, make full and effective use of the investigation system of trade barriers, and eliminate all kinds of trade barriers that China has encountered in foreign trade according to law. Actively open up international markets to protect China's economic security.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D996.1

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