南海岛礁主权归属证据研究初论

发布时间：2018-03-13 10:41

本文选题：南海岛礁归属　切入点：证据研究　出处：《武汉大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：南海诸岛礁归属问题是整个南海问题的基础。而要从法律上判定这些岛礁的归属,由于缺乏直接的条约规定,逻辑上就必须通过证据研究基础上的事实认定结合相关领土取得的实体法规则来确认。那么如何才能实现这种基于证据分析的主权归属判定呢?本文从三个层面对此问题展开了论述。导论部分重点论述了南海岛礁归属证据研究的必要性,以及研究思路的形成过程。正是这一形成过程,导致了主体部分三个层面的研究区分。同时,还对研究局限于侧重国际法院证据实践而不及于国际仲裁,以及本文只是对完整的南海岛礁归属证据研究构成初步论述的原因稍作了说明。第一章通过新加坡／马来西亚白礁岛案的证据层面解读,提出了国际法院在处理以证据分析为基础的事实认定问题、进而做出判决时,所必须考虑的几个问题,对这些问题的分析和回答才能构成比较全面的证据研究。这些问题归纳起来就是主体部分三个层面问题。以此为标准,则现有相关研究都只是对证据研究的一个方面或者一个具体问题进行探讨,完整意义上的证据研究在现有研究中是缺失的。同时,由于缺乏这种宏观的视角,导致具体研究存在不足甚至错误认识。第二章从证据本身层面进行了分析。在对证据和证据载体进行两分的基础上,指出了通常所说的“证据”实际上应界定为证据载体,而由这些证据载体可以抽象、提炼出多样化的、以“关于事实的认识”为本质的证据,后者才是用于证据分析或者说司法证明的证据。同时,基于证据载体可以提炼出多样化认识或者说证据这一观点,文章讨论了条约在领土边界争端解决中的双重定性：条约可以作为直接确立权利义务关系的法律依据适用,也可以作为一般意义上的书面证据载体即作为证据运用。在这些理论分析的基础上,文章指出了在南海岛礁归属问题上证据提炼的实践运用,以及现有研究存在的单一化对待证据载体问题。第三章从证据分析的层面进行了探讨。本章主要介绍了证据分析的七步规程,指出只有运用这一严密的七步规程才能比较准确有效地对南海岛礁证据问题、进而岛礁归属的判定作出预测。由于现实的局限性,在南海岛礁归属进行七步规程分析的具体运用上,’本文仅对争点的和待证事实的确定进行了探讨。其中重点指出了相关国际实体法规则具体内容具有可发展性,这一特性可以为当事国的主张及论证提供一定的灵活性和可操控性。第四章从证据法层面进行了剖析。由于主导和参加国际法院诉讼活动的法官、当事国的代理人具有精英化特点,国际法院司法程序又具有书面化和相对简单化的特点,因此其所需要的证据规则也是相对比较简单的——人的作用取代了某些证据规则的作用。在这些简单化规则中最重要的就是以相关性为内核的可采性规则。而从相关性出发,结合前两章的证据提炼以及证据分析理论,我国一直所主张的证据(载体)很多都有待进一步的分析和认识。余论部分首先对如何在国际司法程序中运用证据进行论证总结为两点：其一,证据提炼；其二,证据链的构建。这两个步骤也是证据分析的本质。而证据法的作用在此类程序中的作用相对而言很小。然后针对需要进一步展开研究的问题进行了介绍,并从方法论意义上指出了现有研究的不足。
[Abstract]:The South China Sea the island ownership is the foundation of the South China Sea. And from the legal determination of these reefs belonging, due to the lack of direct provisions of the treaty, the logic must based on the facts of evidence of substantive rules associated with the acquisition of territory to confirm. So how to realize the analysis of evidence based on the attribution of sovereignty judge? This paper discusses three aspects of this problem.
The introduction part mainly discusses the necessity of the South China Sea and the attribution of evidence, as well as the research of the formation process. It is this process, leads to the main part of the three levels of distinction. At the same time, the research was limited to focus on practical evidence but does not reach the International Court of international arbitration, and this is just a reason of this study on the South China Sea Islands belonging to the complete proof described.
The first chapter through the interpretation of evidence level of Singapore or Malaysia white coral island case, the International Court of justice in the processing and analysis of fact finding based on evidence, and then make a judgment, several problems must be considered, evidence of the comprehensive study of these problems and to answer these questions. The analysis is summed up in the main part three aspects of the problem. This is the standard, then the existing related research are just one aspect of the research evidence or a specific issue, evidence of complete sense is missing in the current study. At the same time, due to the lack of the macro perspective, leads to the deficiency of research or even wrong understanding.
The second chapter carries on the analysis from the evidence itself level. Based on the evidence and two carrier, that usually said "evidence" in fact evidence should be defined as the carrier, and by the evidence carrier can be abstract, refine the diversification, to "know" about the fact that the nature of the evidence, the latter it is used for the analysis of evidence or judicial evidence. At the same time, the evidence can be extracted from the carrier or understanding diversification this view based on the evidence discussed in the double qualitative territory boundary dispute settlement treaty in the Treaty can be used as direct legal basis to establish the relationship between the rights and obligations of the application, but also can be used as a carrier of general written evidence sense as the use of evidence. On the basis of theoretical analyses, this paper points out the practical application in the South China Sea Islands belong to extract evidence on, and now There is a study of the existence of a single approach to the carrier of evidence.
The third chapter from the analysis of the level of evidence was discussed. This chapter mainly introduces the seven step rules of evidence analysis, pointed out that only using the seven step procedure to close accurately the South China Sea Islands and reefs belonging to determine the evidence, make a prediction. Due to the limitations of reality, detailed analysis using the seven step for in the South China Sea Islands belong to ", this paper only focuses on the issue and determine the facts to be proved are discussed. Which mainly points out the relevant rules of international law with the development of the specific content, this feature can provide some flexibility when claims and demonstration parties and can be manipulated.
The fourth chapter analyzes from the perspective of the law of evidence. Because of leading and participating in litigation activities of the International Court of justice, the country's elite agents with characteristics of the judicial procedure of International Court of justice has written and relatively simple features, so the required evidence rules is relatively simple: replace the role of people some of the rules of evidence. The most important role in these simple rules is related to the kernel of the admissibility rules. From the correlation of combination of the first two chapters of the evidence extraction and evidence analysis theory, China's direct claim evidence (carrier) many have yet to be further analysis and understanding.
The first part of how to use evidence in international judicial proceedings argument summarized as two points: first, evidence of refining; second, to build the chain of evidence. Analysis of the nature of these two steps is evidence. While the role of the law of evidence in such applications is relatively small. And then introduces the need in further study, and from the methodology significance, points out the shortcomings of existing studies.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D993.1

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