论风险预防原则在转基因产品贸易中的适用

发布时间：2018-03-15 23:38

本文选题：转基因产品　切入点：风险预防原则　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着生物工程技术的迅猛发展,转基因技术被广泛的应用于农业生产、食品加工工业,为帮助人类解决食物短缺等问题做出了巨大的贡献。但国际社会对于转基因产品的安全性一直存在争议,各国立足于各自利益对其持有不同的态度。目前在国际环境法领域中已经有大量的条约吸纳了风险预防原则,该原则是针对环境恶化结果的滞后性和不可逆转性的特点而提出。随着对公共健康和可持续发展的日益重视,出现了将该原则引入到国际经济法的领域的观点。在各国的态度方面,欧盟出于对公共健康的保护的需要以及预防生物科技产品对公众健康可能存在的风险,在对转基因食品规制方面大力倡导风险预防原则。美国是世界上最早研究转基因作物,同时也是世界上转基因作物种植面积最大的国家,美国主张坚持“充分科学依据”的立场,认为在目前还没有充足的科学证据证明转基因产品会对人体健康,生态环境造成危害,转基因产品是安全的,因此,极力反对将风险预防原则应用到转基因产品贸易中。由现行的WTO框架下关于农产品、食品的贸易协定等国际法律,主要是对传统贸易产品进行规制,在对转基因产品的规制方面存在大量空白地带,其缺陷不一而足。作为大量进口转基因产品和批准转基因主粮化的中国,在现行贸易管理制度和法律制定中引入风险预防原则,既有可能,也有必要。我国在对转基因产品管理制度方面还存在很大的不足,笔者认为应当将风险预防原则引入到我国对转基因产品贸易规制体系中来,并逐步完善我国的相关规定。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of biotechnology, transgenic technology has been widely used in agricultural production, food processing industry, Great contributions have been made to help humanity solve problems such as food shortages. However, there has been controversy in the international community about the safety of genetically modified products. Countries have different attitudes towards them on the basis of their respective interests. There are already a large number of treaties in the field of international environmental law that incorporate the principle of risk prevention. The principle is based on the characteristics of lag and irreversibility of the results of environmental degradation. With the increasing emphasis on public health and sustainable development, There is a view to introducing this principle into the field of international economic law. In terms of national attitudes, the EU needs to protect public health and prevent possible risks to public health from biotech products. The United States is the first country in the world to study GM crops, and it is also the largest country in the world where GM crops are grown. The United States maintains the position of "full scientific basis", and believes that at present there is no sufficient scientific evidence to prove that genetically modified products will cause harm to human health and the ecological environment, and that genetically modified products are safe. It is strongly opposed to the application of the risk prevention principle to the trade of GM products. Under the current WTO framework, the international laws on agricultural products and food trade agreements mainly regulate the traditional trade products. There are a large number of blank areas in the regulation of genetically modified products. As a large number of imports of GM products and approval of GM staple grain, it is possible for China to introduce the principle of risk prevention into the current trade management system and the formulation of laws. It is also necessary. There are still some deficiencies in the management system of transgenic products in our country. The author thinks that the principle of risk prevention should be introduced into the trade regulation system of transgenic products in our country, and the relevant regulations of our country should be perfected step by step.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1;F746

【引证文献】