多边贸易体制下的关税同盟法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 01:35

本文选题：多边贸易体制　切入点：关税同盟　出处：《复旦大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文探讨多边贸易体制下的关税同盟法律问题。研究多边贸易体制从GATT到WTO的发展过程中,关税同盟法律规则的形成背景和产生的法律问题。解释关税同盟经济理论和国际政治经济学说对关税同盟法律问题产生的影响；通过研究欧洲、拉丁美洲和非洲的关税同盟相关问题,解析多边贸易中关税同盟法律规则在这些地区的实践结果,取得的经验和存在的问题,并对中国同关税同盟发展贸易关系有所提示。本文共六章可以分为四个部分。第一部分,即第一章,介绍有关关税同盟的基础理论。第二部分,即第二章,分析有关多边贸易体制中的关税同盟法律条款的形成和发展。这一部分研究了GATT第二十四条、授权条款和GATS第五条条款形成的过程,初步分析它们之间的法律关系。第三部分,即第三章、第四章和第五章,研究关税同盟贸易自由化法律问题,涉及关税同盟成员间的贸易自由化法律制度,针对非同盟成员的贸易法律问题和争端解决中的法律问题。第四部分,即第六章,研究建立关税同盟成功的经验和存在的问题,并提出了解决问题的思路。随着区域主义的兴起、关税同盟传统理论发生了变化,在第二次世界大战结束后,与多边贸易体制中的其他区域一体化方式相比,关税同盟形成了自己的特征和法律定义。任何一个国家或者政治实体在选择关税同盟作为经济一体化的方式时,都有自己的政治经济判断。也由此,根据不同的标准产生出不同类型的关税同盟。多边贸易体制下的关税同盟相关法律条款经历了一个形成和发展的过程。主要有三个最为密切的条款规制关税同盟,GATT第二十四条、授权条款和GATS第五条。在这些条款的形成过程中,经济理论和多边贸易法律规则呈现离合的关系。通过对GATT第二十四条的目的和法律后果与关税同盟经济理论进行了比较,发现了其政治目的超越了经济逻辑。在授权条款的产生过程中,发展中国家对GATT第二十四条提出挑战,以经济理论的新发展为依据要求改变建立关税同盟时遭遇到多边贸易规则的钳制。通过对理论和实证两方面的分析,厘清在两种不同的理论支持下的法律条款对关税同盟的不同法律效力。尽管关税同盟的法律规则和制度具有差异性,但共通的是规避多边规则束缚的倾向,多边规则留下的“空隙”被关税同盟利用,追求经济理论中有利于关税同盟成员的向内偏转的经济效果。对外共同关税、原产地规则和竞争规则是关税同盟为了保护内部利益而经常采用的贸易限制工具,同样补偿性谈判和争端解决被认为是维护多边纪律的重要制度。欧盟的实践积累了很多经验,形成了政治经济良性互动,法律规则稳定不失灵活的局面。作为建立关税同盟最为活跃的非洲和拉丁美洲地区,受到了地区形势和经济不稳定等因素的影响,关税同盟的法律规则运行均出现了不同程度的问题。发展中国家改善关税同盟现状,应当借鉴欧盟经验,杜绝单纯的模仿,在多边框架下积极谋求有利于自身的法律环境。中国同关税同盟发展贸易关系,应当积极主动地利用多边规则的有利方面。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the legal problems of the customs union under the multilateral trade system. The course of the development of the multilateral trading system from GATT to WTO, the formation of a customs union rule of law background and the legal problems. Explain the impact of Customs Union economic theory and international political economy theory on the legal issues of the customs union; through the study of European customs union related in Latin America and Africa, the practice of analytic results of multilateral trade in customs union legal rules in these areas, the existing problems, and some tips on China to develop trade relations with the customs union.
This paper consists of six chapters can be divided into four parts. The first part is the first chapter, introduces the basic theory about the customs union. The second part is the second chapter, the formation and development of the customs union of the relevant legal provisions in the multilateral trade system. This part of GATT twenty-fourth, and GATS fifth license process clause form, a preliminary analysis of the legal relationship between them. The third part is the third chapter, the fourth chapter and the fifth chapter of the customs union trade liberalization of legal issues, involving the customs union between the members of the legal system of trade liberalization, the legal problem solving for the non alliance members trade legal issues and disputes fourth. Part of the sixth chapter, study on the establishment of a customs union successful experience and the existing problems, and puts forward the idea of solving the problem.
With the emergence of regionalism, changed the traditional customs union theory, at the end of the Second World War, compared with other regional integration in the multilateral trade system, the customs union formed a characteristic and legal definition of their own. Any country or political entity in the choice of the customs union as economic integration way, have its own political and economic judgment. Thus, produce different types of customs union according to different standards.
The customs union of the relevant legal provisions under the multilateral trade system has undergone a process of formation and development. There are three most closely in terms of the regulation of Customs Union, GATT twenty-fourth, and GATS fifth license. In the process of forming these terms, economic theory and the multilateral trade rules show clutch relationship. The purpose and legal consequences for the GATT twenty-fourth and the theory of Customs Union economy were compared, found its political purpose beyond economic logic. In the process of license, developing countries pose a challenge to GATT twenty-fourth, in the new development of economic theory as the basis for change of a customs union encountered multilateral trade rules the clamp. Through the analysis of the two aspects of theory and demonstration, to clarify the legal provisions in two different theoretical support under the different law of the customs union Law effect.
Although the legal rules of the customs union and the system is different, but the common tendency is to circumvent the multilateral rules, multilateral rules left "gap" is conducive to the pursuit of the customs union, customs union members of the inward deflection of the economic effect in the economic theory. Common external tariffs, rules of origin and the rules of competition are tools of trade restrictions in order to protect the interests of the internal customs union is often used, the same compensation negotiations and dispute settlement is regarded as an important safeguard system of multilateral discipline.
The practice of the European Union has accumulated a lot of experience, formed a positive interaction between politics and economy, the rule of law and stable flexible situation. As the establishment of a customs union is most active in Africa and Latin America, influenced by the regional situation and economic instability and other factors, the operation rule of law with the tariff Union there are different degrees of problems. Developing countries to improve the customs union status, should learn from the experience of the European Union, put an end to the pure imitation, in the multilateral framework to actively seek the legal environment conducive to their development. Chinese trade relations with the customs union, should actively use the advantages of multilateral rules.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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