电放提单应用中的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 01:07

本文选题：电放提单　切入点：功能　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：提单在国际海上货物运输中的应用已经相当的成熟，国际货物运输公约和国内立法也相对的规范。这些无疑对提单的应用起到了积极的促进作用。提单是物权凭证，占有提单也就拥有了货权。通过法律拟制将提单物权化，方便了当事人对货物的买卖行为。然而在近洋运输中，当事人的目标很明确，就是将货物顺利的运抵目的港，中途很少涉及货物的转卖问题。传统提单流转速度缓慢，传递效率低下的弊端就显得尤为突出，往往造成货物早于提单到达目的港。为了克服“货等单”的快船危机，相关当事人就选择了电放提单的应用。电放提单通过电报、电话、电子邮件等方式传输，其速度之快、效率之高，此特质顺利解决了快船危机。具备此特点的单证还有海运单和电子提单。本文首先通过对电放提单的产生背景作一介绍，之后系统、全面的从概念、操作流程、特点和法律属性等方面进行论述，从而为其法律适用做好铺垫。第二部分通过对电放提单、海运单和电子提单三者的比较，从操作流程、法律功能及特点方面彰显了其各自的优势，以方便贸易商选择对其有利的单证。同时，通过对电放提单性质的分析和法律适用的考察，也更加完整的论述了电放提单适用时的注意事项。比如其同原运输合同的关系，，承运人的交货义务以及与三大国际货物运输公约的关系等。在应用电放提单的情形下，主要面临的风险可归结为：第一，对于出口商来说，可能丧失货权和货物控制权，面临货代和进口商联手欺诈的风险；第二，对于收货人来说，可能丧失货物和货物保险索赔权以及对承运人的诉权；第三，对于承运人来说，可能因为没有做到谨慎识别托运人，而面临错交货物的风险。最后，鉴于对各种资料文献的参考，对电放提单应用中的风险规避也作了一些使用建议。比如，加强对客户信用资质的考察、采取投保出口信用保险、选择安全主动的交货模式以及大力推广海运单的使用等等。
[Abstract]:The application of bill of lading in the international carriage of goods by sea has been quite mature, and the convention of international carriage of goods and the domestic legislation are also relatively standard. These undoubtedly play a positive role in promoting the application of bill of lading. Bill of lading is a document of title. Possession of the bill of lading also has the right to goods. The legal fiction of the bill of lading makes it easier for the parties to buy and sell goods. However, in the near ocean transportation, the parties have a clear goal, that is, to transport the goods smoothly to the port of destination. The problem of resale of goods is seldom involved in the midway. The disadvantage of low efficiency in the transfer of traditional bills of lading is especially prominent, which often causes the goods to reach the port of destination earlier than the bill of lading. The parties concerned have chosen the application of the bill of lading. The bill of lading is transmitted by telegram, telephone, e-mail and so on. It is fast and efficient. This characteristic has successfully solved the crisis of express ship. The documents with this characteristic are also ocean bill and electronic bill of lading. This paper first introduces the background of the bill of lading, and then systemically, comprehensively from the concept, operation flow, The characteristics and legal attributes are discussed in order to pave the way for the application of the law. The second part compares the three aspects of the electronic discharge bill of lading, ocean bill of lading and electronic bill of lading. The functions and characteristics of the law show their respective advantages in order to facilitate the traders to choose the documents in their favor. At the same time, through the analysis of the nature of the electronic discharge bill of lading and the investigation of the application of the law, It also discusses more fully the matters needing attention in the application of the bill of lading. For example, the relationship between the bill of lading and the original contract of carriage, the carrier's obligation to deliver goods and the three major conventions on the international carriage of goods, etc. In the case of the application of the bill of lading, The main risks can be summarized as follows: first, for exporters, they may lose their right to goods and control the goods, and face the risk of forwarder and importer jointly defrauding; second, for the consignee, The right to claim for goods and goods insurance and the right of action against the carrier may be lost; third, the carrier may be exposed to the risk of misdelivery of the goods because of his failure to carefully identify the shipper... finally, In view of the references to various materials and literature, some suggestions on risk aversion in the application of electronic discharge bills of lading are also made. For example, to strengthen the investigation of the credit qualifications of customers and to take out export credit insurance, Choose safe and active delivery mode and vigorously promote the use of sea waybills and so on.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.19

【引证文献】