难民和非安全移民海上管控前置的法律困境与对策

发布时间：2018-03-17 11:01

本文选题：难民　切入点：非安全移民　出处：《国际展望》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：随着很多难民和非安全移民选择经海路入境,海难事件增多。基于海上管控在难民与非安全移民治理中的独立性和特有价值,海上管控前置成为一些国家和地区的首选对策。但是,难民和非安全移民海上管控前置存在制度供给缺口。海事公约因其关切对象而在整体适用上较为有限,"无效果无报酬"原则因不适用于单纯的人命救助而易催生道德风险,基于主权的单边海事行动因"平等者之间无管辖权"原则而易导致海上管控法律制度冲突,海上犯罪惩防机制因缺少针对性和实操性而无法达到有效打击的目的。因此,应进一步完善难民和非安全移民海上管控法律规制,通过"默示修正程序"加快出台专项海事法律规范,通过确立人命的客体属性、报酬的优先受偿和特别补偿制度等途径完善海难救助制度,创建信息交流共享机制,创新区域性制度安排。
[Abstract]:As many refugees and unsafe migrants choose to enter by sea, there has been an increase in maritime accidents. Based on the independence and unique value of maritime control in the governance of refugees and unsafe migrants, Leading maritime control has become the preferred strategy for some countries and regions. However, There is a gap in the supply of systems for maritime control of refugees and unsafe migrants. Maritime conventions are less applicable as a whole because of their concerns, and the principle of "no effect and no remuneration" is prone to moral hazard because it does not apply to the mere rescue of human life. Unilateral maritime action based on sovereignty is liable to lead to conflict of legal system of maritime control because of the principle of "no jurisdiction between equal persons", and the mechanism of punishment and prevention of crimes at sea is unable to achieve the purpose of effective attack because of the lack of pertinence and practicability. We should further improve the legal regulation of the maritime control of refugees and non-safe migrants, speed up the introduction of special maritime legal norms through the "implied amendment procedure", and establish the object attribute of human life. The compensation priority and special compensation system should be adopted to perfect the salvage system, to establish the information exchange and share mechanism, and to innovate the regional system arrangement.
【作者单位】：上海大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金一般项目“海上防空识别区理论与实践的法律研究”(14BFX128)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D998.2

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