论国际人道法对战争受难者的保护

发布时间：2018-03-21 03:32

本文选题：国际人道法　切入点：战争受难者　出处：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国际人道法是适用于国际性与非国际性武装冲突中,基于国际人道主义原则,专门规定给予战争受难者以必要保护的国际法规范。国际人道法的核心是保护战争受难者,包括但不限于武装部队的伤病员、战俘和平民,还包括了对“遇船难者”的保护、对“医务人员”和“宗教人员”的保护、对“新闻记者”的保护,以及对妇女和儿童的保护。国际人道法认为这些人员的生命与身心健全也应受到尊重并应当享有法律保障。国际人道法通过大篇幅的保护个人的规定,将焦点集中在了保护战争受难者的角度,在共同条款和附加议定书中还特别制定了在战争期间也要对个人进行保护的最低限度标准。此角度无疑体现了国际人道法是超越了以往国际法上国家间关系层面而延伸到了真正或最终的人道保护受益人这一层面,即个人和由个人构成的群体。近年来,武装冲突在世界上各个角落频频发生,给战争受难者带来了无数的苦痛,而保护战争受难者的国际人道法在武装冲突中却没有得到严格的遵守和适用。本文通过对国际人道法保护战争受难者的具体规定及新出现问题的阐述,试图强调在武装冲突中尊重并严格遵守国际人道法对战争受难者的保护,并积极完善国际人道法以应对新出现的各种问题。在过去的五十年中,国际人道法的适用可以说拯救了相当一部分人的生命完整、健康和尊严。然而,面对目前严峻的不和平的局势,我们仍然应当呼吁作为身在武装冲突的各方各国,应当严格在战争和冲突中尊重国际人道法,保护战争受难者并严格遵守国际人道法的各项义务!
[Abstract]:International humanitarian law is the norm of international law applicable in both international and non-international armed conflicts, which, on the basis of international humanitarian principles, specifically provides for the necessary protection of war victims. The core of international humanitarian law is the protection of war victims, Including, but not limited to, the sick and wounded in the armed forces, prisoners of war and civilians, including the protection of "shipwrecks", the protection of "medical personnel" and "religious personnel", and the protection of "journalists", And the protection of women and children. International humanitarian law considers that the lives and physical and mental integrity of such persons should also be respected and should enjoy legal safeguards... that international humanitarian law adopts provisions for the protection of individuals at large, Focusing on the protection of war victims, In the common articles and additional protocols, the minimum standards for the protection of individuals in times of war are specifically established. This perspective undoubtedly reflects that international humanitarian law goes beyond the previous level of inter-State relations in international law. Extending to the true or ultimate beneficiaries of humanitarian protection, That is, individuals and groups of individuals. In recent years, armed conflicts have occurred frequently in every corner of the world, bringing countless sufferings to the victims of war. However, the international humanitarian law for the protection of war victims has not been strictly observed and applied in armed conflicts. Attempting to emphasize respect for and strict observance of international humanitarian law in armed conflicts for the protection of war victims and to actively improve international humanitarian law in response to emerging issues... over the past 50 years, The application of international humanitarian law can be said to have saved the integrity, health and dignity of a considerable number of human lives. However, in the face of the current grave situation of insecurity, we should still appeal to States as parties to armed conflict, International humanitarian law should be strictly respected in wars and conflicts, the victims of war should be protected and the obligations of international humanitarian law should be strictly observed!
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D998.2

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