马里旦新人权理论及对我国法治建设的启示

发布时间：2018-03-21 11:26

本文选题：新自然法学　切入点：天赋人权　出处：《辽宁大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人权问题历来成为人们谈论的焦点，一方面在于它事关一个人的根本利益，另一方面它又被作为政治角逐的制高点。这就使得它尤为值得进行深入研究。只有真正的认清西方资本主义国家的人权渊源、实质及其发展脉络，才能从容地应对西方国家的人权攻击。马里旦作为新托马斯主义法学主要代表人物在继承传统自然法的基础之上，将人权事业进一步向前推进。二战后，在各国对当时的法与道德争论不休的历史背景下，马氏打破传统思维，认为，尽管人们持有相互不同甚至敌对的思想和理论，但可以达成关于人权项目的单纯实践上的协议。在这种求同存异的理念之下他参与起草了具有实践性的《世界人权宣言》，在这一具有世界性的关于人权保护的国际公约，欧洲各国于1949年11月4日通过了《保护人权与基本自有公约》，也就是《欧洲人权公约》;1966年联合国签署了《联合国人权公约》，并通过了《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》与《经济、社会、文化权利国际公约》这些实践的探索都与马氏的人权理念不无关系。解决好人权事关一国安危，我国人权建设应在求同存异理念指导下，承认并尊重人权，切实的解决好人权。为世界人权发展树立榜样。首先，论述了以马里旦为典型的西方现代宗教神学人权观。将从马里旦新人权利论产生的历史背景及其思想渊源进行探讨，揭示其现实诉求及在前人观点影响下尤其是在宗教神学影响下所形成的可能性与必然性。其次，着重对马里旦新人权理论进行全面而又系统的解析。从其人权理论理论的基础自然法进行探讨，深入分析其神学自然法学的合理的成分，例如他对人权的分类、对人权理论中权利受限问题的论证以及新旧权利可以调和的观点。最后，阐述了马里旦新人权理论的现实意义和局限，马里旦的新人权理论对具有世界性意义的人权国际立法产生了直接影响，使其带有其“实用主义”的深深的人权理念。当然，任何一种学说都仅仅是一种理论探索，马里旦以神学自然法为基础进行论证人权明显的带有其伪科学的一面，同时，他鼓吹的“世界主义”也为西方跨国人权干预提供了所谓的“依据”。对此，要坚决地予以揭露，进而从容的应对西方人权攻击。马里旦新人权理论是一种实践性的，这一点值得学习。关于人权建设没有一个固定的模式，人权是在不断发展着的实践探索，理论上的丰满将为人权建设锦上添花，中国在人权事业上，应秉持着一种反思的精神，，反思他人同时反思自己。为人类共同的权利事业做出更大的贡献。
[Abstract]:The issue of human rights has always been the focus of discussion, on the one hand, because it concerns the fundamental interests of a person, On the other hand, it is also regarded as the commanding point of political competition. This makes it particularly worthy of in-depth study. Only by truly recognizing the origin, substance and development context of human rights in western capitalist countries, In order to respond calmly to human rights attacks in Western countries, Mali, as the principal representative of the new Thomas doctrine law, further advanced the cause of human rights on the basis of inheriting the traditional natural law. After World War II, Against the backdrop of a historical debate over the laws and morals of the time, Marsh broke with traditional thinking, arguing that, despite the fact that people hold different or even hostile ideas and theories, But it is possible to reach a purely practical agreement on human rights projects. Under this philosophy of seeking common ground while reserving differences, he participated in the drafting of the practical Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a universal international convention on the protection of human rights, In November 4th 1949, European countries adopted the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and basic own Rights, the European Convention on Human Rights. In 1966, the United Nations signed the United Nations Convention on Human Rights and adopted the International Convention on Civil and political Rights. The Convention and the Economic, International Covenant on Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) these practical explorations have something to do with Ma's idea of human rights. A good solution to human rights concerns the safety of a country. China's human rights construction should be guided by the concept of seeking common ground while reserving differences and recognizing and respecting human rights. Effectively solve human rights and set an example for the development of human rights in the world. First of all, it discusses the modern religious theological human rights view of the West, which is typical of Malian Dan. It discusses the historical background and ideological origin of the theory of the rights of the new Malian people. It reveals its realistic demands and the possibility and inevitability formed under the influence of previous views, especially religious theology. Secondly, it focuses on the comprehensive and systematic analysis of the new theory of human rights in Mali. It probes into the basic natural law of his theory of human rights, and analyzes in depth the reasonable elements of his theological natural jurisprudence, such as his classification of human rights. The argumentation of the limitation of rights in the theory of human rights and the view that the old and new rights can be reconciled. Finally, it expounds the practical significance and limitations of the new human rights theory of Malian Dan, which has a direct impact on the international legislation on human rights of worldwide significance. Of course, any doctrine is merely a theoretical exploration, and Mali, on the basis of theological natural law, demonstrates that human rights clearly have a pseudoscience side, at the same time, The "cosmopolitanism" he advocated also provided the so-called "basis" for the western transnational human rights intervention. The new theory of human rights in Mali is a practical one, which is worth learning. There is no fixed model for the construction of human rights. Human rights are an ongoing practice and exploration, and the fullness of the theory will add to the success of the construction of human rights. In the cause of human rights, China should uphold the spirit of reflection, reflect on others and reflect on itself at the same time, and make greater contributions to the common cause of human rights.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D998.2;D920.0

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